在《大纲》与《资本论》之间:马克思与当代资本主义的“度量问题”  

Between Grundrisse and Capital:Marx and the“Question of Measure”of Contemporary Capitalism

作　　者：谢亚洲[1] 黄涛 XIE Yazhou;HUANG Tao(School of Marxism,Lanzhou University,Lanzhou,China 730000)

机构地区：[1]兰州大学马克思主义学院,甘肃兰州730000

出　　处：《温州大学学报（社会科学版）》2023年第5期1-10,共10页Journal of Wenzhou University：Social Science Edition

基　　金：兰州大学中央高校基本科研业务费专项资金项目(21LZUJBKYDX052);甘肃省优秀研究生“创新之星”项目(2023CXZX-042)。

摘　　要：在《大纲》的“机器论片段”中,马克思聚焦于资本主义社会形式所蕴含的自我否定力量,将“魁奈之谜”视为资本主义崩溃的客观依据,提出了工业时代的“度量问题”:一般智力与劳动在工业时代的分离将逐步掏空价值生产的物质基础(直接劳动),使得价值越来越无法充当“现实财富”的尺度,从而最终可能导致资本主义社会形式的解体与劳动价值论的过时。立足于“机器论片段”,奈格里等人依据资本主义物质基础的新变化提出了后工业时代的“度量问题”:一般智力与劳动在后工业时代的结合催生了不可度量的非物质劳动,使得劳动价值的时间尺度失效,从而引发资本主义的可度量性危机与马克思劳动价值论的危机。但依海因里希的判断,相较于《资本论》,奈格里等人所依据的“机器论片段”还存在一系列理论问题。在这个意义上,只有回到《资本论》才能深刻反思“机器论片段”的理论问题,才能有力回应当代资本主义的“度量问题”,才能真正捍卫马克思的政治经济学批判。In the“Fragment on machines”of Grundrisse,Marx focused on the power of self-negation inherent in the capitalist social form and saw the“Quesnay’s riddle”as the objective ground of capitalism’s collapse,proposing the“question of measure”in the industrial age:the separation of general intellect from labor in the industrial age will gradually hollow out the material basis(direct labour)of value production,making value no longer the measure of“real wealth”,which may eventually lead to the dissolution of the capitalist social form and the obsolescence of the labor theory of value.Based on the“Fragment on machines”,Antonio Negri and others relied on the new changes in the material basis of capitalism to propose the“question of measure”in the post-industrial era:the combination of general intellect and labor in the post-industrial era gives birth to immaterial labor that is immeasurable,rendering the time measure of labor value ineffective,thus triggering the capitalist crisis of measurability and the crisis of Marxist labor theory of value.However,according to Michael Heinrich’s judgment,compared to Capital,the“Fragment on machines”on which Negri and others rely had a series of theoretical problems.In this sense,only by returning to Capital can we deeply reflect on the theoretical problems of the“Fragment on machines”,forcefully respond to the“question of measure”of contemporary capitalism and truly defend Marx’s critique of political economy.

关 键 词：《大纲》 《资本论》 马克思 “度量问题” 

分 类 号：A811[哲学宗教—马克思主义哲学]