避雨设施葡萄对套种枇杷生长与结果的影响  

Effects of grapes in shelter facilities on tree growth and fruiting of interplanted loquat

作　　者：许奇志[1] 邓朝军[1] 蒋际谋[1] 陈秀萍[1] XU Qizhi;DENG Chaojun;JIANG Jimou;CHEN Xiuping(Fruit Research Institute,Fujian Academy of Agricultural Sciences/Fujian Breeding Engineering Technology Center for Longan&Loquat,Fuzhou 350013,Fujian,China)

机构地区：[1]福建省农业科学院果树研究所·福建省龙眼枇杷育种工程技术研究中心,福州350013

出　　处：《果树学报》2023年第10期2149-2159,共11页Journal of Fruit Science

基　　金：福建省属公益类科研院所基本科研专项(2020R1028006,2016R1013-9);中央引导地方科技发展专项(2021L3022);国家重点研发计划项目(2019YFD1000905);福建省农业科学院科技创新团队(CXTD2021004-1);中国农技协福建科协莆田枇杷科技小院。

摘　　要：【目的】分析比较避雨设施葡萄下微生态环境对套种枇杷生长与结果的影响,为探讨葡萄-枇杷套种模式提供依据。【方法】在5年生避雨设施葡萄下套种盆栽带花蕾的新白8号枇杷3年生嫁接营养袋大苗,以露地盆栽带花蕾的新白8号枇杷3年生嫁接营养袋大苗为对照,连续2 a(年)观测比较枇杷树体生长发育和果实质量差异。【结果】避雨设施栽培葡萄的生长,使夏季(中午12:00)棚内光照度降低了92.37%,温度降低6.10℃,相对湿度提高20.87%;冬季棚内温度提高1.15~2.28℃。避雨设施葡萄下套种盆栽枇杷树第2年的南北冠幅、树高度、干周、叶幕层厚、枝梢数、枝梢质量、叶片质量显著降低,花穗数、花穗大小显著低于对照;单株产量是对照的69.67%,显著低于对照;果穗质量、单果质量、可食率与对照差异不显著;果实病虫害明显减少,好果率提高12.89%~27.25%。【结论】避雨设施葡萄下套种的枇杷可正常开花结果,有一定产量,且果实病虫害减少,是一种可行的套种模式,但需进一步研究适宜的配套栽培技术,缓解避雨设施和葡萄生长对套种枇杷生长的荫蔽影响。【Objective】In order to make full use of the limited space inside the horizontal grape trellis,this study observed and compared the differences in growth and fruiting between interplanted potted loquat trees under the grapes in shelter facilities and the potted loquat trees outside the facilities.The study will provide a reference for the application of“grape-loquat”interplanting model.【Methods】3-year-old loquat Xinbai No.8 grafted trees with flower buds in the nutrition bag were interplanted with the 5-year-old grape Guipu No.1 in the shelter facilities.3-year-old potted loquat Xinbai No.8 grafted trees with flower buds in the nutrition bags placed in the open air were used as the control.The effects of the ecological environment of the grape shelter facilities on tree growth,shoot growth quality,flowering quality,flowering shoot rate,leaf growth quality,fruit pest and disease incidence,fruit quality and yield per plant were observed for two consecutive years in interplanted potted loquat trees.【Results】During the growth of the grapes,the shade effect on the loquat trees was highest when the grapes covered the trellis or during the period of growth of loquat summer shoots.The light intensity reduced by 92.37%,the temperature reduced by 6.10℃and the relative humidity increased by 20.87%than that of the control at 12:00 am.During the post-harvest period of grapes or physiological differentiation period of loquat buds,there were a 76.70%decrease in light intensity,a 4.51℃decrease in temperature and a 13.56%increase in relative humidity at 12:00 am.compared to the control.The lightest shade effect occurred in the period of grape winter pruning or growth stagnation period of young loquat fruit.The light intensity reduced by 15.90%and the temperature increased by 2.28℃than that of the control at 12:00 am.In the potted loquat trees interplanted under the grapes,the number of shoot growth in the first year was 33.80%and significantly fewer than the control.There were no significant differences in tr

关 键 词：葡萄 避雨设施栽培 套种 枇杷 枝梢生长 结果 

分 类 号：S663.1[农业科学—果树学]