微生物单细胞分离方法研究进展  

Research Progress in Microbial Single Cell Separation Methods

作　　者：张坤 闫畅 田新朋[1,2] ZHANG Kun;YAN Chang;TIAN Xin-peng(CAS Key Laboratory of Tropical Marine Bio-resources and Ecology,Guangdong Key Laboratory of Marine Materia Medica,RNAM Center for Marine Microbiology,South China Sea Institute of Oceanology,Chinese Academy of Sciences,Guangzhou 510301;Southern Marine Science and Engineering Guangdong Laboratory(Guangzhou),Guangzhou 511458;University of Chinese Academy of Sciences,Beijing 100049)

机构地区：[1]中国科学院热带海洋生物资源与生态重点实验室,中国科学院海洋微生物研究中心,中国科学院南海海洋研究所,广州510301 [2]南方海洋科学与工程广东省实验室(广州),广州511458 [3]中国科学院大学,北京100049

出　　处：《生物技术通报》2023年第9期1-11,共11页Biotechnology Bulletin

基　　金：国家自然科学基金项目(32170018);广东省“珠江人才计划”本土创新科研团队项目(2019BT02Y262)。

摘　　要：自然界中大多数微生物处于未培养状态,被称为“微生物暗物质”。随着微生物单细胞分离方法的不断更新,利用新技术、新方法应对微生物纯培养的挑战获得了重要进展,这些新的分离及培养策略对推动微生物资源学的发展具有重要意义。尽管宏基因组学和基因组学数据相关成果日益增多,但微生物单细胞的分离与培养对于系统研究微生物的生态功能、遗传进化等仍至关重要。本文主要概述了目前使用的或正在研发的膜扩散培养法、微流控分选、荧光激活细胞分选、单细胞拉曼分选、光镊技术、显微操作技术等单细胞分离技术的原理与应用,及其在微生物单细胞分离和培养方面的优点与不足,同时展望了这些单细胞分离技术未来的发展和应用前景。Most microorganisms in nature are in an uncultured state,which are called“microbial dark matter”.With the development of technology innovations in microbial single-cell separation,significant progress has been made in applying new technologies and methods to the challenges of microbial pure-culture.These new separation and culture strategies will greatly promote the development of microbial resources research.Despite the increasing achievements related to metagenomics and genomics,the isolation and cultivation of single microbial cells are still essential to systematically study their ecological functions,genetic evolution,and so on.This paper mainly summarizes the principle and application of membrane diffusion culture,microfluidic sorting,fluorescence activated cell sorting,single cell Raman sorting,optical tweezers technology,micromanipulation technology and other single cell separation technologies currently used or under development,as well as their advantages and disadvantages in microbial single cell isolation and culture.At the same time,the paper also discusses development and application prospects of single-cell separation technologies in the future.

关 键 词：微生物暗物质 单细胞分离 未培养微生物 微生物选择性分离 

分 类 号：Q93[生物学—微生物学]