施氮量和留叶数对晒黄烟产质量的影响  

Effects of Nitrogen Application and Number of Leaves Retained on the Yield and Quality of Yellow Sun-cured Tobacco

作　　者：杨春元 孙希文 罗贞宝 喻奇伟 吴学巧 叶定勇 YANG Chunyuan;SUN Xiwen;LUO Zhenbao;YU Qiwei;WU Xueqiao;YE Dingyong(Guizhou Academy of Tobacco Science,Guiyang 550081,China;Bijie Company of Guizhou Provincial Tobacco Company,Bijie 551700,China)

机构地区：[1]贵州省烟草科学研究院,贵州贵阳550081 [2]贵州省烟草公司毕节市公司,贵州毕节551700

出　　处：《广东农业科学》2023年第8期66-74,共9页Guangdong Agricultural Sciences

基　　金：中国烟草总公司贵州省公司重大专项(2022520000240037);中国烟草总公司贵州省公司科技项目(2020XM07);贵州省烟草公司毕节市公司重点研发项目(2022520500240185)。

摘　　要：【目的】研究施氮量和留叶数对晒黄烟产质量的影响。【方法】以晒黄烟品种‘寸三皮’为材料,采用裂区试验设计,设施氮量82.5、97.5、112.5、127.5 kg/hm^(2)和留叶数16、19、22叶/株双因子试验共12个处理,研究施氮量和留叶数对晒黄烟农艺性状、产量、均价、产值和外观质量的影响。【结果】增施氮肥能促进烟株生长和增加氮代谢,同时有利于提高茎围、节距、叶片长宽及叶面积等农艺性状。在一定施氮量范围内,烟叶产量随着留叶数的增加而提高。在一定留叶数范围内,烟叶产量随着施氮量的变化而呈不同表现,当留叶数为16、22叶/株时,烟叶产量均随着施氮量增加呈上升趋势;当留叶数为19叶/株、施氮量在82.5~112.5 kg/hm^(2)时,烟叶产量随着施氮量的增加而上升。从同一施氮水平不同留叶数烟叶产值的变化来看,当施氮量为127.5 kg/hm^(2)时,烟叶产值随着留叶数的增加呈下降趋势。当施氮量112.5 kg/hm^(2)、留叶数19叶/株时,烟叶产值最高、为54567.00元/hm^(2)。当施氮量为82.5、97.5 kg/hm^(2)时,烟叶产值随着留叶数的增加而上升。从同一施氮量不同留叶数的烟叶均价来看,当施氮量在82.5、127.5 kg/hm^(2)时,烟叶均价都随着留叶数的增加呈下降趋势。当施氮量在97.5 kg/hm^(2)时,烟叶均价随着留叶数的增加呈上升趋势;当施氮量在112.5 kg/hm^(2)时,烟叶均价随留叶数变化表现为先增后降,以留叶数19叶/株处理表现较高。烟叶外观质量以施氮量82.5 kg/hm^(2)、留叶数16叶/株,施氮量97.5 kg/hm^(2)、留叶数22叶/株以及施氮量127.5 kg/hm^(2)、留叶数19叶/株3个处理表现较好。【结论】晒黄烟品种‘寸三皮’在保证密度15150株/hm^(2)的常规栽培条件下,施氮量112.5 kg/hm^(2)、留叶数19叶/株时,在贵州福泉种植可获得较好的经济效益。【Objective】The purpose was to study the effects of nitrogen application and leaves retention on the yield and quality of yellow sun-cured tobacco.【Method】Using the yellow sun-cured tobacco variety‘Cunsanpi’as the material,a split-area experimental design was adopted,and the two-factor experiments of nitrogen application of 82.5,97.5,112.5 and 127.5 kg/hm^(2) and the number of leaves retained of 16,19 and 22 leaves/plant(Total 12 treatments)were conducted to study its effects on the agronomic traits,yield,average price,yield value and appearance quality of yellow sun-cured tobacco.【Result】The results showed that increased nitrogen fertilization could promote the growth of tobacco plant and increase nitrogen metabolism,and at the same time,it was conducive to the improvement of agronomic traits such as stem girth,pitch,leaf length and width,and leaf area.Within a certain range of nitrogen application,tobacco yield increased with the increase in the number of leaves retained.Within a certain range of the number of leaves,the tobacco yield varied with the nitrogen application.When the number of leaves was 16 leaves/plant and 22 leaves/plant,the tobacco yield showed an upward trend with the increase of nitrogen application.When the number of retained leaves was 19 leaves/plant and the applied nitrogen ranged from 82.5 kg/hm^(2) to 112.5 kg/hm^(2),the tobacco yield increased with the increase of applied nitrogen.From the same level of nitrogen application of different number of leaves of tobacco leaf yield changes,when the nitrogen application of 127.5 kg/hm^(2),the tobacco yield with the increase in the number of leaves of tobacco leaf is a downward trend.When the nitrogen application was 112.5 kg/hm^(2) and the number of retained leaves was 19 leaves/plant,the tobacco leaf yield value was the highest,which was 54567.00 yuan/hm^(2).When the nitrogen applications were 82.5 kg/hm^(2) and 97.5 kg/hm^(2),the tobacco leaf yield value increased with the increase of the number of retained leaves.From the poin

关 键 词：晒黄烟 施氮量 留叶数 农艺性状 经济性状 外观质量 

分 类 号：S572[农业科学—烟草工业]