厌氧消毒对植烟土壤特性及烤烟产质量的影响  

Effects of Anaerobic Disinfection on Properties in Tobaccoplanting Soil,Yield and Quality of Flue-cured Tobacco

作　　者：陈桢 卢志伟 黄瑞寅 贺广生[1] 王维[4] CHEN Zhenlu;LU Zhiwei;HUANG Ruiyin;HE Guangsheng;WANG Wei(Guangdong Tobacco Monopoly Bureau(Company),Guangzhou 510610,China;China Tobacco Guizhou Industrial Co.,Ltd.,Guiyang 550004,China;China Tobacco Guangdong Raw Material Supply Center,Guangzhou 511356,China;College of Agronomy,South China Agricultural University,Guangzhou 510642,China)

机构地区：[1]广东省烟草专卖局(公司),广东广州510610 [2]贵州中烟工业有限责任公司,贵州贵阳550004 [3]广东中烟原料供应中心,广东广州511356 [4]华南农业大学农学院,广东广州510642

出　　处：《广东农业科学》2023年第8期75-84,共10页Guangdong Agricultural Sciences

基　　金：广东省烟草专卖局(公司)科技计划项目(粤烟科项201803)。

摘　　要：【目的】使用有效无污染的土壤厌氧消毒技术,探究配施不同有机物料对烟田土壤特性、烤烟主要土传病害及其产质量的影响。【方法】采用大田试验,在广东大埔和南雄2个种植烟区,以不添加有机物料为对照(CK),设置米糠(MK)、木屑(MX)、米糠与木屑等量混合(KX)3个处理组进行土壤厌氧消毒(ASD)处理,分析不同处理间烟田土壤特性、烤烟主要病害及其经济性状。【结果】添加有机物料的ASD处理较CK能显著提高2个产区的土壤pH值、土壤酶活性和养分含量,降低土壤EC值。大埔产区土壤有机质、全氮、速效氮、速效磷、速效钾含量,较CK分别提升29.0%~40.6%、7.0%~24.2%、18.0%~24.4%、25.9%~43.0%、37.5%~81.7%,烤烟青枯病和黑胫病的发病率比CK减少5.8~17.3和7.5~15.8个百分点,病情指数较CK分别下降34.7%~69.0%和30.4%~68.9%;南雄产区土壤有机质、全氮、速效氮、速效磷、速效钾含量,较CK分别提升0.1%~35.2%、55.8%~89.4%、19.7%~30.0%、22.2%~27.5%、34.0%~76.3%,烤烟青枯病和黑胫病的发病率比CK减少5.6~12.6和11.7~18.0个百分点,病情指数较CK分别下降16.1%~63.7%和43.4%~64.3%。大埔、南雄2产区烤烟平均产值较CK至少增加1949.25元/hm^(2),中上等烟比例比CK分别增加1.2~4.2、0.7~2.9个百分点。冗余分析发现,大埔烤烟青枯病、黑胫病发病率受蔗糖酶活性影响较大,南雄烤烟青枯病、黑胫病发病率受脲酶影响较大。【结论】在烟草连作频繁、土传病害发生严重地块添加MK(施用量10 t/hm^(2))进行ASD处理,可有效改良烟田土壤特性,提高烤烟产质量。【Objective】The impact of anaerobic disinfection(ASD)on the properties of tobacco field soil,major soil-borne diseases of tobacco,and their yield and quality is investigated by employing effective and pollution-free soil improvement techniques through the application of different organic materials.【Method】The field experiment was conducted in two tobacco production areas in Dapu and Nanxiong,Guangdong Province.Three treatment groups of rice bran(MK),wood chips(MX)and rice bran mixed with wood chips(KX)were set up for soil anaerobic disinfection(ASD),and that without the addition of organic materials was used as CK,then soil properties,occurrence of major diseases and economic traits of tobacco were analyzed between different treatments.【Result】The results showed that ASD treatments with organic materials significantly increased soil pH value,soil enzyme activity and soil nutrient content in two production areas when compared with CK,while reduced soil EC value.In the Dapu production area,the mass fractions of soil organic matter,total nitrogen,available nitrogen,available phosphorus,and available potassium increased by 29.0%-40.6%,7.0%-24.2%,18.0%-24.4%,25.9%-43.0%,and 37.5%-81.7%,respectively,compared to the control group(CK).The incidence rates of tobacco blue mold and black shank disease decreased by 5.8-17.3 and 7.5-15.8 percentage points,respectively,compared to CK.The disease severity index decreased by 34.7%-69.0%and 30.4%~68.9%,respectively,compared to CK.In the Nanxiong production area,the mass fractions of soil organic matter,total nitrogen,available nitrogen,available phosphorus,and available potassium increased by 0.1%-35.2%,55.8%-89.4%,19.7%-30.0%,22.2%-27.5%,and 34.0%-76.3%,respectively,compared to CK.The incidence rates of tobacco blue mold and black shank disease decreased by 5.6-12.6 and 11.7-18.0 percentage points,respectively,compared to CK.The disease severity index decreased by 16.1%-63.7%and 43.4%-64.3%,respectively,compared to CK.In both production areas,the average tobacco yield

关 键 词：烤烟 土壤厌氧消毒技术 土壤质量 青枯病 黑胫病 

分 类 号：S572[农业科学—烟草工业]