大尺寸自由活塞激波风洞重活塞软着陆关键技术  

Key technology of heavy piston soft landing in large-scale free piston shock tunnels

作　　者：谌君谋 陈星[1] 易翔宇 孙日明[1] 纪锋[1] 毕志献[1] SHEN Junmou;CHEN Xing;YI Xiangyu;SUN Riming;JI Feng;BI Zhixian(China Academy of Aerospace Aerodynamics,Beijing 100074,China)

机构地区：[1]中国航天空气动力技术研究院,北京100074

出　　处：《空气动力学学报》2023年第10期30-41,I0001,共13页Acta Aerodynamica Sinica

基　　金：国家重点研发计划(2019YFA0405204)。

摘　　要：高焓激波风洞的驱动技术决定了风洞总焓和总压试验能力。重活塞压缩加热技术具有驱动性能强和运行灵活性高等特点,是高焓激波风洞关键驱动技术。针对重活塞发射效能、重活塞与壁面摩擦、膜片破膜等情况带来的大尺寸重活塞难以安全软着陆问题,通过理论分析、动网格数值模拟和试验验证相互结合的手段,分析了重活塞实际运动过程的影响因素,建立了重活塞调谐运行方法,获得了稳定的驱动压力,可为不同的模拟需求提供对应的试验状态。研究了质量为205 kg、275 kg的重活塞在压缩管中运行最高速度分别超过350 m/s、450 m/s的软着陆过程,获得了压缩管末端总压15 MPa、总温3450 K和总压45 MPa、总温4845 K的定压试验状态。本研究解决了大尺寸自由活塞激波风洞重活塞软着陆难题,保障了世界最大尺寸自由活塞驱动的FD-21高焓激波风洞中、质量为数百千克的重活塞、在长度为75 m的压缩管中的运行安全。The driving technology of a high-enthalpy shock tunnel determines the wind tunnel's total enthalpy and total pressure.The heavy piston compression heating technology is the key driving technology of high-enthalpy shock tunnels,which shows strong driving performance and high operational flexibility.Given the difficulty in the soft landing of a large-size heavy piston caused by the launch efficiency of the heavy piston,the friction between the heavy piston and the wall,the diaphragm breaking,etc.,the influencing factors of the actual moving process of the heavy piston are analyzed by combining theoretical analysis,dynamic grid numerical simulation and experimental verification,and the tuned operation method of the heavy piston is established.The FD-21 high enthalpy shock tunnel with the world's largest free piston drive ensures the safe operation of the piston with a mass of hundreds of kilograms in the compression tube with a length of 75 m.It obtains a stable driving pressure,providing corresponding test states for different simulation requirements.This paper studies the soft landing process of heavy pistons with a 205 kg and 275 kg mass in compression tubes when the maximum speed exceeds 350 m/s and 450 m/s,respectively.The soft landing of heavy pistons in large free pistons shock wind tunnels is solved.The constant pressure test conditions with a total pressure of 15 MPa and a total temperature of 3450 K,as well as a total pressure of 45 MPa and a total temperature of 4845 K at the end of the compression tube,are obtained.

关 键 词：高焓激波风洞 驱动技术 重活塞 软着陆 调谐运行 

分 类 号：V211.751[航空宇航科学与技术—航空宇航推进理论与工程]