面向风险应对的“后单位制”社区韧性评估及提升策略研究  

Post-unit Community Resilience Assessment and Enhancement Strategies for Risk Response

作　　者：陆明[1,2] 谭卓琳 金早 吴远翔 华乃斯[1,4] LU Ming;TAN Zhuolin;JIN Zao;WU Yuanxiang;HUA Naisi

机构地区：[1]哈尔滨工业大学建筑学院,黑龙江哈尔滨150000 [2]自然资源部寒地国土空间规划与生态保护修复重点实验室,黑龙江哈尔滨150000 [3]扬州市交通运输局,江苏扬州 [4]寒地城乡人居环境科学与技术工业和信息化部重点实验室,黑龙江哈尔滨150000

出　　处：《城市发展研究》2023年第8期116-125,共10页Urban Development Studies

基　　金：国家自然科学基金面上项目“城市绿色基础设施的生态系统服务供需影响机制与空间优化途径研究——以东北地区为例”(52078160)。

摘　　要：“单位制”社区作为我国特定时期的组织模式,在城市发展前期发挥了巨大作用。但随着制度的转变,社区空间逐渐从单位组织中脱嵌,在现代化城市建设影响下形成了大量“后单位制”社区。此类社区难以适应日益增长的城市发展需求,产生了一系列社会矛盾和城市问题,存在较大风险。社区韧性是能够帮助社区自身对风险进行预警、响应和恢复的多种能力合集。首先,基于“后单位制”社区特征,从客观建成环境和主观能动性两个层面梳理现状问题及风险因素。其次,基于社区韧性理论和既有韧性评估研究,从社区资本和居民能力两个维度构建“后单位制”社区韧性评估体系,并运用组合赋权方法确定指标权重。再次,以哈尔滨市的3个“后单位制”社区为典型案例进行实证研究,结果表明,3个社区的韧性平均水平一般,居民能力得分略高于社区资本得分,存在物质资本冗余性不足,社区风险应对设施不完善及居民抗扰性弱的问题,但社区居民拥有较为良好的社会关系和居民自治,具有一定的自组织能力。最后,从明确权属问题、社区空间微更新和社区居民公共性重建3个方面提出相应的社区韧性提升策略。以期推动社区韧性理论在“后单位制”社区中的实践,并为同类社区的相关研究提供参考。Most"post-unit system"community cannot meet the needs of refined and modern urban development,resulting in serious social conflicts and urban problems,which are more seriously affected by sudden disasters and potential risks.Community resilience is a collection of capabilities that help communities themselves to warn,respond to and recover from risks.First of all,based on the characteristics of the"post-unit system"community,the current problems and risk factors are sorted out from the two aspects of space and residents.Secondly,based on the community resilience theory and existing resilience assessment studies,a"post-unit system"community resilience assessment system is constructed from two dimensions of community capital and residents′ability,and the index weight is determined by the combination empowerment method.Thirdly,the empirical study is conducted with three"post-unit system"communities in Harbin as typical cases.The results show that the average resilience level of the three communities is average,the score of residents′ability is slightly higher than that of community capital,and there are problems such as insufficient material capital redundancy,imperfect community risk response facilities and weak residents′resistance to disturbance.But community residents have relatively good social relations and residents autonomy,with a certain ability of self-organization.Finally,the corresponding strategies for improving community resilience are proposed from three aspects:clarifying ownership,micro-updating of community space and rebuilding of community residents′public nature.In order to promote the practice of community resilience theory in"post-unit system"community,and provide reference for related research in similar communities.

关 键 词：社区韧性 后单位制 风险应对 韧性评估 

分 类 号：TU984[建筑科学—城市规划与设计]