变黏度液体静压轴承的温升特性研究  

Temperature rise characteristics of variable viscosity hydrostatic bearings

作　　者：周岳 康辉民[1] 刘厚才[1] 张学文 ZHOU Yue;KANG Huimin;LIU Houcai;ZHANG Xuewen(School of Mechanical and Electrical Engineering,Hunan University of Science and Technology,Xiangtan 411201,China;Harbin Electric Corporation Wind Power Co.,Ltd.,Xiangtan 411207,China)

机构地区：[1]湖南科技大学机电工程学院,湖南湘潭411201 [2]哈电风能有限公司,湖南湘潭411207

出　　处：《机电工程》2023年第10期1493-1501,共9页Journal of Mechanical & Electrical Engineering

基　　金：国家自然科学基金资助项目(51875198);湘潭市联合基金资助项目(2021JJ50118)。

摘　　要：采用广泛使用的有限元法难以探究温升的影响对液体静压轴承动态特性的影响,为此,提出了一种基于有限差分法的变黏度液体静压轴承动态润滑仿真算法,对变黏度液体静压轴承的温升特性进行了研究。首先,改进了油腔的热力学边界条件,以拓宽其适用范围,使其适用于油腔尺寸较大的液体静压轴承;然后,基于有限差分法处理了Reynolds方程、流量连续方程、能量方程以及黏温方程,从而建立了基于MATLAB的液体静压轴承变黏度热流动态润滑模型;最后,采用仿真计算的方法,分析了偏心率ε为0.1~0.4、主轴转速n为3000 r/min~10000 r/min(线速度为14.1 m/s~47.1 m/s)时,油膜压力与温升的变化机理。研究结果表明:当主轴转速从3000 r/min增大到10000 r/min时,转速的增大会使得液体静压轴承的承载力因动压效应的增大而增大,但其油膜的平均压力却因温度的升高、油膜黏度的降低而下降了约24%;主轴偏心率的增大会导致油膜温度聚集,而主轴转速的增大则导致油膜温升增大,故当偏心率ε=0.4而转速n=10000 r/min时,油膜的温升较大,且热量发生聚集,其最高温升可达39.5℃;主轴转速越高,液体静压轴承内热油携带对温升的影响越显著。该研究结论可以为温升影响下高速液体静压轴承的轴心轨迹与动态特性的研究提供理论基础。Aiming at the problem that the widely used finite element method is difficult to explore the influence of temperature rise on the dynamic characteristics of hydrostatic bearings,a dynamic lubrication simulation algorithm for variable viscosity hydrostatic bearings based on the finite difference method was proposed,and the temperature rise characteristics of the variable-viscosity hydrostatic bearing was studied.Firstly,the thermodynamic boundary conditions of the oil cavity were improved to broaden its application range,made it suitable for hydrostatic bearings with large oil chamber dimensions.Then,the Reynolds equation,flow continuity equation,energy equation and viscosity-temperature equation were processed based on the finite difference method,and the dynamic lubrication model of variable viscosity heat flow of hydrostatic bearings based on MATLAB was established.Finally,the variation mechanism of oil film pressure and temperature rise was simulated and analyzed when eccentricityεwas 0.1~0.4 and spindle speed n was 3000 r/min~10000 r/min(linear speed was 14.1 m/s~47.1 m/s).The experiment results show as follows:when the rotational speed increases from 3000 r/min to 10000 r/min,the bearing capacity of hydrostatic bearing increases with the increase of rotational speed due to the increase of dynamic pressure effect,but the average oil film pressure decreases by about 24%due to the increase of temperature and the decrease of oil film viscosity.The increase of eccentricity will lead to the accumulation of oil film temperature,and the increase of rotational speed will lead to the increase of oil film temperature rise.Therefore,when the eccentricityε=0.4 and rotational speed n=10000 r/min,the temperature rise of oil film is larger and its heat concentrates,and the highest temperature rise can reach 39.5℃.The higher the spindle speed,the more significant the influence of hot oil carrying in hydrostatic bearing on temperature rise.This study lays a theoretical foundation for the study of the axial locus and dynam

关 键 词：滑动轴承 液体静压轴承 热流润滑模型 油膜压力 油膜黏度 MATLAB 热力学边界条件 

分 类 号：TH133.36[机械工程—机械制造及自动化]