不同任务干扰对儿童早期步态特征和任务成本的影响  

Influence of different tasks on gait characteristics and task cost in early childhood

作　　者：赵盼超 纪仲秋[2] 姜桂萍[2] 文蕊香 ZHAO Panchao;JI Zhongqiu;JIANG Guiping;WEN Ruixiang(Department of Physical Education,China University of Geosciences(Beijing),Beijing 100083,China;College of Physical Education and Sports,Beijing Normal University,Beijing 100875,China)

机构地区：[1]中国地质大学(北京)体育部,北京市100083 [2]北京师范大学体育与运动学院,北京市100875

出　　处：《中国康复理论与实践》2023年第9期1072-1082,共11页Chinese Journal of Rehabilitation Theory and Practice

基　　金：国家社会科学基金项目(No.20BTY070);中国地质大学(北京)基本科研能力提升项目(No.2-9-2022-047)。

摘　　要：目的 研究不同干扰任务和年龄对3~8岁儿童步态特征和任务成本的影响。方法 2021年4月至8月,于河北沧州市第二幼儿园和沧州市回民小学招募200例儿童,分别于自然行走(标准步态)、回答问题时行走(认知步态)和跨越障碍物行走(越障步态)时,采用红外动作捕捉系统采集步态参数,Kistler测力台采集地面反作用力;采用Anybody 7.0软件仿真建模。结果 182例完成测试。任务对步态的时空参数主效应显著(F> 5.167,P <0.01),年龄对除步宽、步速之外的时空参数主效应显著(F> 2.321,P <0.05),任务和年龄对双支撑期百分比、单支撑期百分比、步长的交互效应显著(F> 3.040,P <0.01)。任务对步态的运动学参数主效应显著(F> 83.019,P <0.001),年龄对除膝关节活动度、踝关节最大角速度之外的运动学参数主效应显著(F> 2.359,P <0.05),任务和年龄对除髋关节活动度外的运动学参数交互效应显著(F> 2.066,P <0.05)。任务和年龄对步态的动力学参数主效应显著(F> 4.032,P <0.05),任务和年龄对除内侧比目鱼肌、外侧腓肠肌、内侧腓肠肌、胫骨前肌肌力外的动力学参数交互效应显著(F> 2.189,P <0.05)。步速和步幅的变异系数认知步态>越障步态>标准步态;任务和年龄对步速和步幅任务成本的主效应显著(F> 3.368,P <0.01),交互效应均不显著。结论 儿童早期步态受干扰任务和年龄的双重影响。干扰任务下,儿童步态周期增加,单支撑期百分比减小,步幅、步频和步速减小,任务成本增加,步态稳定性下降。认知任务对步态的影响大于越障任务,可能由于认知任务成本更大。步态特征在年龄方面呈现非线性发展趋势。Objective To investigate the influence of interference tasks and age on gait characteristics and task costs of children aged three to eight years.Methods From April to August,2021,200 children from a kindergarten and primary school in Cangzhou,Hebei were en‐rolled to collect gait spatiotemporal parameters and kinematics data with infrared motion capture system;ground reaction force was collected with the Kistler force platform and simulated with Anybody 7.0,as walking naturally(standard gait),answering question(cognitive gait)and crossing obstacle(obstacle-crossing gait).Results A total of 182 children finished the test.The main effect of task was significant on spatiotemporal parameters(F>5.167,P<0.01),as well as age(F>2.321,P<0.05),except on stride width and speed;while the interac‐tion effect of task and age was significant on double stance phase,single stance phase and step length(F>3.040,P<0.01).The main effect of task was significant on kinematics data(F>83.019,P<0.001),as well as age(F>2.359,P<0.05),except on range of motion of knee and maximum angular velocity of ankle;while the interac‐tion effect of task and age was significant(F>2.066,P<0.05),except on range of motion of hip.The main ef‐fect of task and age was significant on kinetic parameters(F>4.032,P<0.05);while the interaction effect of task and age was significant(F>2.189,P<0.05),except on the strength of medial soleus,lateral gastrocnemius,medial gastrocnemius and tibialis anterior.The coefficient of variation was the most for cognitive gait,and then for the obstacle-crossing gait and standard gait.The main effect of task and age was significant on the cost of task for stride length and speed(F>3.368,P<0.01),while the interaction effect was not significant.Conclusion Gait of early childhood is influenced by interference tasks and age.Under interference tasks,gait cycle in‐creases,while single stance phase,stride length,frequency and speed decrease;and task costs increase,and over‐all gait stability decrease.Cognitive tasks impact on

关 键 词：儿童 干扰 步态 任务成本 稳定性 

分 类 号：R179[医药卫生—妇幼卫生保健]