施磷对宁南山区花椰菜产量、磷素利用效率及平衡的影响  

Effects of Phosphorus Application on Yield,Phosphorus Utilization Efficiency and Balance of Cauliflower in Mountainous Area of Southern Ningxia

作　　者：冯海萍[1] FENG Haiping(Institute of Horticulture,Ningxia Academy of Agriculture and Forestry Sciences,Yinchuan,Ningxia 750002)

机构地区：[1]宁夏农林科学院园艺研究所,宁夏银川750002

出　　处：《北方园艺》2023年第17期7-14,共8页Northern Horticulture

基　　金：宁夏自治区重点研发计划资助项目(2020BBF03016);宁夏农业高质量发展和生态保护科技创新示范资助项目(NGSB-2021-8-06);宁夏青年拔尖人才资助项目。

摘　　要：以花椰菜为试材,采用单因素随机区组大田试验方法,研究了施磷对露地土壤根层磷素质量、花椰菜产量、植株磷素累计分配、磷素利用效率及表观平衡的影响,以期明确宁夏南部山区冷凉花椰菜生产中最佳施磷水平。结果表明:施磷显著增加花椰菜产量,增产率在12.96%~22.08%,施磷水平与花球产量呈极显著的二次抛物曲线关系,667 m^(2)最高产量3 651.12 kg时,667 m^(2)最佳施磷水平为24.28 kg。在苗期和莲座期茎叶是花椰菜磷元素的累积中心,不同处理茎叶分配比例在69.79%~86.08%,进入成熟期花球是磷元素的累积中心,花球磷素累积比例在53.61%~72.95%,以P_(10)处理最高,比不施磷肥的P_(0)处理整株磷素累积量显著提高46.15%。磷肥利用效率为13.01%~33.78%,以P_(10)处理的磷肥利用率最高,显著高于其它处理,其磷肥贡献率为19.03 kg·kg^(-1)。667 m^(2)施磷水平小于10 kg时,土壤磷素平衡表现为亏缺,667 m^(2)施磷水平大于15 kg,磷素表观平衡呈现磷素盈余。综合考虑花椰菜产量、磷素利用及土壤磷素收支平衡等因素,建议宁夏南部山区花椰菜每667 m^(2)适宜的施磷水平为12.61~12.86 kg。The cauliflower was used as experimental material,the effects of phosphorus application on root layer phosphorus quality,yield of cauliflower,cumulative distribution of phosphorus in plants,phosphorus utilization efficiency and apparent balance of open field soil were studied by using single factor random block field test method,in order to determine the optimal phosphorus application level in cold and cool cauliflower production in southern mountainous area of Ningxia.The results showed that phosphorus application significantly increased the yield of cauliflower,with an increase rate of12.96%-22.08%.The relationship between phosphorus application level and flower bulb yield was very significant quadratic parabolic curve.When the maximum yield was 3 651.12kg per 667m^(2),the optimal phosphorus application level was 24.28kg per 667m^(2).At seedling and rosette periods,stems and leaves were the accumulation centers of phosphorus in cauliflower,and the distribution ratio of stems and leaves under different treatments was 69.79%-86.08%.At maturity stage,flower bulb was the accumulation center of phosphorus,and the accumulation ratio of phosphorus in flower bulb was 53.61%-72.95%,with P_(10)treatment being the highest.The phosphorus accumulation of the whole plant was significantly increased by 46.15%compared with P_(0treatment) without phosphorus fertilizer.The utilization efficiency of phosphorus fertilizer was 13.01%-33.78%,and the utilization efficiency of phosphorus fertilizer in P_(10)treatment was the highest,which was significantly higher than that in other treatments,and the contribution rate of phosphorus fertilizer was 19.03kg·kg^(-1).When the phosphorus application level was less than 10kg per 667m^(2),the soil phosphorus balance showed a deficit;when the phosphorus application level was more than 15 kg per 667 m^(2),the apparent phosphorus balance showed a phosphorus surplus.Considering the yield of cauliflower,phosphorus utilization and soil phosphorus budget balance,it was suggested that the suitable p

关 键 词：花椰菜 宁夏南部山区 施磷水平 产量 磷肥利用效率 磷素平衡 

分 类 号：S635.3[农业科学—蔬菜学]