沼液配肥对砂培西瓜生长、品质及重金属累积的影响  

Effects of Biogas Slurry With Fertilizer on Growth,Quality,Heavy Metal of Sand-Cultivation Watermelon

作　　者：张纪涛 史向远[1] 王林 周静 王保平 张晓晨 ZHANG Jitao;SHI Xiangyuan;WANG Lin;ZHOU Jing;WANG Baoping;ZHANG Xiaochen(Shanxi Organic Dryland Agriculture Research Academic,Shanxi Agricultural University,Taiyuan,Shanxi 03003l;Resource and Environment College,Shanxi Agricultural University,Taiyuan,Shanxi 030031)

机构地区：[1]山西农业大学山西有机旱作农业研究院,山西太原030031 [2]山西农业大学资源环境学院,山西太原030031

出　　处：《北方园艺》2023年第17期47-53,共7页Northern Horticulture

基　　金：山西省农业科学院农业科技创新工程科研创新团队培育专项资助项目(YGC2019TD07);山西省重大专项重点实验室资助项目(202001-2)。

摘　　要：以“金福K8”西瓜为试材,采用砂培方法,研究了施用市售水溶肥(CK)、沼液(BS)、沼液配肥(BSF)对西瓜生长、光合特性、品质及组织重金属含量的影响,以期为沼液配肥利用技术提供参考依据。结果表明:BSF处理的西瓜植株生长速率与CK无显著差异,但显著高于BS。CK、BS、BSF的净光合速率(Pn),处理间差异显著;而BSF与CK处理下的气孔导度(Cond)差异不显著,二者显著高于BS。与CK相比,BSF的单果质量显著提高了48.6%,而BS降低了17.6%。与CK相比,BS、BSF处理的可溶性固形物含量分别提高26.2%和38.1%,可溶性糖含量分别提高19.4%和18.3%、可溶性蛋白质含量分别提高14.6%和72.9%、维生素C含量分别提高16.6%和42.9%。与CK相比,BS和BSF显著提高了根系Pb含量,但降低了地上部Pb含量;BS提高了根系Cr含量、BSF降低了根系Cu含量;不同处理对西瓜果实重金属含量虽有差异,但均在标准限值以下。综合以上分析,沼液配肥不仅保证了植株生长率,对提高植物光合作用、改善西瓜品质具有积极作用,同时未造成西瓜果实重金属累积的风险。Jinfu K8’watermelon was used as the experimental materials,and CK(commercial watersoluble fertilizer),BS(biogas slurry),BSF(biogas slurry mixed fertilizer)treatments were set,the effects of different treatments on growth,photosynthesis,fruit quality,and heavy metal content of watermelon plants were studied by sand-cultivation method,in order to provide reference for the utilization of biogas slurry.The results showed that the growth rate of watermelon plants under BSF treatment was not significantly different from that under CK treatment,but significantly higher than that under BS.The Pn of CK,BS and BSF were significantly different among the treatments.There was no significant difference in Cond between BSF and CK,but it was significantly higher than BS.The weight per fruit of BSF was higher than CK by 48.6%,BS lower than CK by 17.6%.The soluble solid content of BS and BSF increased by 26.2%and 38.1%,the soluble sugar content by 19.4%and18.3%,the soluble protein content by 14.6%and 72.9%,and the vitamin C content by 16.6%and42.9%compared with CK.Pb content in root of BS and BSF significantly increased,but decreased the Pb content in shoot compared with CK.Cr content of root under BS treatments was increased,Cu content of root under BSF treatments was decreased,compared with CK in the same tissue of watermelon.The heavy metal contents of fruits were different among different treatments,while they were all below the standard limit.Based on the above results,BSF not only ensures plant growth rate,but also has a positive effect on improving photosynthesis and fruit quality of watermelon,and does not cause the risk of heavy metal accumulation in watermelon fruits.

关 键 词：沼液 西瓜 光合作用 果实品质 重金属含量 砂培 

分 类 号：S627[农业科学—园艺学]