青藏高原东北边缘云杉-冷杉林火烧迹地的灌木群落特征  

Community Characteristics of Shrubs in Area of Spruce-Fir Forest Burned Areas on the Northeast Edge of Qinghai-Tibetan Plateau

作　　者：赵安 周晓雷[1] 闫月娥[3] 田青[1] 史瑞锦 周旭姣 曹雪萍 杨富强 陆刚 贺万鹏 Zhao An;Zhou Xiaolei;Yan Yue’e;Tian Qing;Shi Ruijin;Zhou Xujiao;Cao Xueping;Yang Fuqiang;Lu Gang;He Wanpeng(College of Forestry,Gansu Agricultural University,Lanzhou 730070;Qiandongnan Institute of Forestry,Kaili 556000;Gansu Province Forestry Survey and Planning Institute,Lanzhou 730030;College of Forestry,Guangxi University,Nanning 530000;Pratacultural College,Gansu Agricultural University,Lanzhou 730070)

机构地区：[1]甘肃农业大学林学院,兰州730070 [2]黔东南州林业科学研究所,凯里556000 [3]甘肃省林业调查规划院,兰州730030 [4]广西大学林学院,南宁530000 [5]甘肃农业大学草业学院,兰州730070

出　　处：《林业科学》2023年第9期1-12,共12页Scientia Silvae Sinicae

基　　金：甘肃省财政厅、甘肃省GEF/OP12项目办公室项目(03619078)。

摘　　要：【目的】探究青藏高原东北边缘云杉-冷杉林火烧迹地植被恢复与重建过程中的灌木群落特征动态,阐明火烧迹地灌木群落多样性格局和维持机制的生态过程,为在火烧迹地恢复与重建过程中对植被进行合理干预、尽快恢复生态效益提供合理依据。【方法】以空间代时间方法,分析恢复5年和15年火烧迹地灌木群落和未过火林地林下灌木层物种组成特征、α物种多样性和β物种多样性。【结果】在5年、15年火烧迹地灌木群落与未过火林地林下灌木层之间,植物种类组成存在差异,5年火烧迹地共调查到11科17属24种,15年火烧迹地共调查到8科10属17种,未过火林地共调查到12科19属35种。5年、15年火烧迹地和未过火林地的物种丰富度指数与Pielou均匀度指数,以及5年火烧迹地的物种丰富度指数与Simpson指数、物种丰富度指数与Shannon-Wiener指数的相关性均不强(P<0.1或P>0.1),其他指数间的相关性均较强(P<0.001或P<0.01)。物种丰富度指数为5年火烧迹地>15年火烧迹地>未过火林地,Shannon-Wiener指数和Simpson指数均为15年火烧迹地>未过火林地>5年火烧迹地,Pielou均匀度指数为15年火烧迹地>未过火林地>5年火烧迹地。5年、15年火烧迹地灌木群落的物种组成最相似,未过火林地林下灌木层物种组成和15年火烧迹地灌木群落的相似度大于5年火烧迹地。【结论】青藏高原东北边缘云杉-冷杉林经重度林火干扰后,在不同恢复时间梯度上的物种组成存在差异。火后短时间内局部生境范围内物种丰富度增加,火烧迹地的物种多样性和优势度较低,物种分布不均匀。随着演替进行,物种丰富度减小,物种多样性和优势度上升,物种分布较均匀。随着火烧迹地演替正常进行,火烧迹地与未过火林地物种组成相似度增加,火烧迹地灌木群落朝着正向演替。【Objective】To study the characteristics of shrub communities in the process of vegetation restoration and reconstruction in the burned areas of spruce-fir forest on the northeast edge of Qinghai-Tibetan Plateau,and clarify the ecological process of diversity pattern and maintenance mechanism of shrub communities in burned areas.【Method】In spatial instead of time method,the species composition characteristics,αspecies diversity andβspecies diversity of shrub communities in 5 a and 15 a of burned areas and understory shrub communities in unburned areas were studied.【Result】There are differences in plant species composition among shrub communities in burned areas after 5 a and 15 a of restoration,and understory shrub communities in unburned areas,There are 24 species of shrubs belonging to 17 genera in 11 families in the burned areas of 5 a,17 species of shrubs belonging to 10 genera in 8 families in the burned areas of 15 a,and 35 species of shrubs belonging to 19 genera in the unburned forest areas.The species richness index and Pielou evenness index of 5 a and 15 a burned areas and unburned woodland,and the correlation between species richness index and Simpson index and Shannon-Wiener index of 5 a burned areas are not strong(P<0.1 or P>0.1),but the correlation between other indexes in the three communities was strong(P<0.001 or P<0.01).The species richness index restored 5 a burned areas>restored 15 a burned areas>unburned forest areas,the Shannon-Wiener index and Simpson index are all restored 15 a burned areas>unburned forest areas>restored 5 a burned areas,the Pielou evenness index 15 a burned areas>unburned forest areas>5 a burned areas.The Species composition of shrub communities in restored 5 a and 15 a are the most similar,and the understory shrub layer species composition and recovery 15 a are more similar than recovery 5 a burn areas【Conclusion】After severe forest fire disturbance,the species composition of spruce-fir forest on the northeast edge of Qinghai-Tibetan Plateau is different

关 键 词：青藏高原东北边缘 云杉-冷杉林火烧迹地 灌木群落特征 

分 类 号：S718[农业科学—林学]