西昌市森林防火综合阻隔网空间布局  

Spatial Distribution of Forest Fire Prevention Comprehensive Obstructing Network in Xichang City

作　　者：陈兵 赵凤君[2] 范太云 吴莉娟 江智全 赵爽 叶江霞[1] Chen Bing;Zhao Fengjun;Fan Taiyun;Wu Lijuan;Jiang Zhiquan;Zhao Shuang;Ye Jiangxia(Southwest Forestry University,Kunming 650224;Key Laboratory of Forest Protection of National Forestry and Grassland Administration Ecology and Nature Conservation Institute Chinese Academy of Forestry,Beijing 100091;Forestry and Grassland Bureau of Liangshan Yi Autonomous Prefecture,Xichang 615000;Meteorological Bureau of Liangshan Yi Autonomous Prefecture,Xichang 615000;Sichuan Provincial Institute of Forestry and Grassland Inventory and Planning,Chengdu 610081)

机构地区：[1]西南林业大学,昆明650224 [2]中国林业科学研究院森林生态环境与自然保护研究所、国家林业和草原局森林保护学重点实验室,北京100091 [3]凉山彝族自治州林业和草原局,西昌615000 [4]凉山彝族自治州气象局,西昌615000 [5]四川省林业和草原调查规划院,成都610081

出　　处：《林业科学》2023年第9期127-138,共12页Scientia Silvae Sinicae

基　　金：十三五国家重点研发计划课题(2020YFC1511601);国家林业和草原局“森林雷击火防控应急科技项目”;国家自然科学基金项目(32071778,32271895)。

摘　　要：【目的】根据相关标准规范、综合影响森林火灾发生发展的区域自然地理要素及现有防火基础设施,运用GIS的空间分析和可视化表达功能,探究西昌市森林防火综合阻隔网空间布局适宜区,为区域防火阻隔系统建设及防灭火组织和实施提供参考。【方法】通过分析森林火险等级,确定有效阻隔网密度和控制面积,采用地统计和水文分析、支持向量机及因子相关性分析等方法,获取影响林火综合阻隔网布局的主要因子,根据各因子现状,考虑功效、生态、成本等原则,运用成本因子权重进行综合阻隔网空间布局定量选址,结合自然地理要素及现有防火基础设施,分析其空间优化潜力。【结果】1)西昌市森林防火期内最高火险等级为I级,综合阻隔网有效密度应大于17.88 m·hm^(-2),控制面积应小于500 hm^(2),现有阻隔设施未达到标准要求;2)研究选取的因子与林火阻隔布局密切相关,考虑多因子特征,能够使阻隔网布局更为综合、完善;3)自然阻隔网适宜布局在符合宽度和朝向的山脊、沟谷、河流及水域,主要分布于西昌市东南、东北部山地和泸山周边;生物阻隔网适宜布局在林缘和适合造林的林中空地,主要分布在大面积森林外围和内部地带以及林区居民点周边;工程阻隔网适宜布局在风速、坡度和海拔低的裸地等低成本区域;4)布局的西昌市林火综合阻隔网适宜区域基本覆盖现有林地范围,可对易燃类、集中连片区森林进行有效分隔,西北和东南向区域现有林火阻隔薄弱,应因地制宜加强综合阻隔网建设。【结论】西昌市现有森林防火阻隔网布局和功能不完善,应综合考虑多种相关因素和实际条件,建立科学阻隔系统;本研究定量、可视化分析西昌市森林防火综合阻隔网布局,对提升区域防灭火能力、维护生态安全具有现实意义,对相关类网络规划具有一定参考价值。【Objective】Xichang City is a high-risk area of forest fire in China,and establishing a forest fire obstructing network is the most effective way to prevent and control forest fires.According to the relevant standards and specifications,the regional natural geographical elements and existing fire prevention infrastructure that can comprehensively affect the occurrence and development of forest fires were studied.With the help of GIS spatial analysis,a suitable spatial location of the integrated forest obstructing network is proposed to provide a reference for improving the forest fire obstructing network in Xichang City.【Method】By analyzing the forest fire risk level,the effective obstructing network density and control area were determined.The geostatistics and hydrological analysis,SVM(support vector machine),and factor correlation analysis were used to obtain main factors affecting the layout of the forest fire comprehensive obstructing network.Then,based on various factors and current conditions,in terms of the principles of efficiency,ecology and cost,the cost factor weight analysis was used to quantitatively select the location for the spatial layout of the comprehensive obstructing network.Finally,the potential for spatial optimization was analyzed based on natural geographical factors and existing fire prevention and obstructing facilities.【Result】1)During the forest fire prevention period in Xichang City,the highest fire risk level is set as Level I.The effective density of the comprehensive obstructing network should be greater than 17.88 m·hm^(–2),and the control area should be less than 500 hm^(2).The existing obstructing does not meet the standard requirements.2)The factors selected through research are closely related to the layout of forest fire obstructing.Multi factor characteristics are taken into consideration to make the layout of the obstructing network more comprehensive and complete.3)The natural obstructing network is suitable for layout on ridges,valleys,rivers,and waters th

关 键 词：森林火灾 综合阻隔网 GIS 空间布局 西昌市 

分 类 号：S762.1[农业科学—森林保护学] S762.3[农业科学—林学]