考虑乘客异质性的公交运行模型仿真研究  

Simulation Study of Bus Operation Model Considering Passenger Heterogeneity

作　　者：赵传林 孙正一 ZHAO Chuan-lin;UN Zheng-yi(School of Civil and Transportation Engineering,Beijing University of Civil Engineering and Architecture,Beijing 102616,China)

机构地区：[1]北京建筑大学土木与交通工程学院,北京102616

出　　处：《计算机仿真》2023年第7期148-153,共6页Computer Simulation

基　　金：国家自然科学基金面上项目(71971014);北京市教委科技计划项目(KM202010016007);北京建筑大学金字塔人才培养工程项目(JDJQ20200301)。

摘　　要：随着中国人口结构的改变,老年人出行占比越来越大,深入研究老年人乘坐公交对于公交系统所产生的影响还比较少。考虑乘客的异质性,将乘客分为两类:老年乘客与普通乘客,通过引入三个控制参数p、q、r分别调整乘客到站总需求、老年人上下车所需时间、老年人在系统中占比,并采用仿真方法对公交系统运行过程进行仿真研究。设计仿真算法时考虑了串车和超车现象的识别以及公交车跨越时间段运行的判别。通过改变三个参数数值使得系统处于不同的仿真条件,并从车头时距偏离程度、公交载客量、系统串车超车情况三个方面对比了系统运行情况。研究发现,乘客到达率是影响系统运行可靠性的关键参数,老年乘客上下车时间和老年人占比的影响作用次之。研究结果可以为公交系统运行管理和相关政策的制定提供参考依据。With the change of demographic structure in China,the percentage of elderly trips is increasing.At present,there are few studies on the influence of the elderly travelling by bus on the public transportation system.Considering the passenger heterogeneity,this paper divides passengers into two categories:elderly passengers and ordinary passengers.Three control parameters,namely p,q and r,were introduced to adjust the total passenger arrival demand,the time required for the elderly passenger to get on and off,and the proportion of the elderly in the system.Meanwhile,a simulation method was used to simulate the operation process of public transport system.The recognition for bus bunching and overtaking and the discrimination for crossing-time operation of bus were both considered when designing the simulation algorithm.In addition,the system can be in different simulation conditions after changing the values of the three parameters.Moreover,the performance of system was compared from three aspects:the deviation degree of time headway,the passenger capacity and the bus bunching and overtaking of system.The study results show that the passenger arrival rate is the parameter affecting the operation reliability of system on first,followed by the time required for the elderly passenger to get on and off and the proportion of the elderly.This study can provide some reference for the management of public transportation system and the formulation of relevant policies.

关 键 词：城市交通 公交系统 交通仿真 老年乘客 乘客到达率 公交串车和超车 

分 类 号：U491[交通运输工程—交通运输规划与管理]