基本苗数和氮肥运筹对深两优19产量及稻米品质的影响  

Effects of Basic Seedling Number and Nitrogen Fertilizer Management on Yield and Rice Quality of Shenliangyou 19

作　　者：胡杨 段斌 何世界 扶定 方玲 李慧龙 霍二伟 沈光辉 HU Yang;DUAN Bin;HE Shi-jie(Xinyang Academy of Agricultural Sciences,Xinyang,Henan 464000)

机构地区：[1]信阳市农业科学院,河南信阳464000

出　　处：《安徽农业科学》2023年第19期23-26,40,共5页Journal of Anhui Agricultural Sciences

基　　金：国家水稻产业技术体系建设专项(CARS-01-61);河南省科技攻关项目(202102110259);信阳市创新应用专项(20210007,20220062);河南省“四优四化”科技支撑行动计划项目(20210106002)。

摘　　要：为探明深两优19的最佳氮肥用量及适宜基本苗数量,在P、K肥水平固定的情况下,研究不同基本苗和氮素水平下,该品种分蘖动态、干物质积累量、产量构成和稻米品质的变化情况。结果表明,分蘖数量方面,各处理随着时间的推移出现先增加后降低的趋势;相同的副区处理,随着施氮用量的增加,除对照外分蘖动态呈先增加后降低的趋势;一定范围内增加氮肥用量和增加基本苗数量可以提高干物质积累量;产量方面,在低基本苗情况下随氮肥用量的增加出现增加的趋势,在中高基本苗情况下,随着氮肥用量的增加呈现先增加后降低的趋势。在稻米品质方面,在同一基本苗情况下,随着施氮量的增加,稻米的糙米率、精米率和整精米率除66.7万株/hm^(2)基本苗+225 kg/hm^(2)N处理外呈先上升后下降的趋势,在50.0万株/hm^(2)基本苗+150 kg/hm^(2)N处理时达到最大值,但恶白度和恶白率随着施氮量的增加,表现出先降低后增加的趋势,在50.0万株/hm^(2)基本苗+150 kg/hm^(2)N处理时达到最小值,在同一施氮水平下,糙米率和精米率随着基本苗的增加呈现增加的趋势;直链淀粉含量在同一基本苗下均随着施氮量增加呈现先下降后上升的趋势;同一施氮水平下,在空白和低氮水平下都随着基本苗的增加出现降低的趋势,在高氮水平下出现先降低后增加的趋势;胶稠度在68.7~85.0 mm,在同一基本苗下随着施氮量的增加呈先增加后降低的趋势。综上所述,50.0万株/hm^(2)基本苗+150 kg/hm^(2)N处理产量结构较为合理,产量最高,群体质量也较高,稻米品质较好,综合效益较好。In order to find out the optimal nitrogen application rate and suitable number of basic seedlings for Shenliangyou 19,we studied the changes of tillering dynamics,dry matter accumulation,yield composition and rice quality of Shenliangyou 19 under different basic seedlings and nitrogen levels with fixed P and K fertilizer levels.Results showed that the number of tillers increased firstly and then decreased with time.With the increase of nitrogen application rate,tillering dynamics increased firstly and then decreased except for the control.Dry matter accumulation could be increased by increasing nitrogen application rate and basic seedling number within a certain range.In terms of yield,it increased with the increase of nitrogen application rate under the condition of low basic seedling,and increased first and then decreased with the increase of nitrogen application rate under the condition of medium and high basic seedling.In terms of the quality of rice,in the case of the same basic seedlings,with the increase of N application rate,rate of brown rice,white rice,rice rate and rate of the whole white rice except 66.7×104 plants/hm^(2)+225 kg/hm^(2)N treatment presents the downward trend after rising first,reach maximum when basic seedlings 50.0×104 plants/hm^(2)+150 kg/hm^(2)N treatment,but evil whiteness and white rate with the increase of N application,showing a trend of increase the lower first,when basic seedlings 50.0×104 plants/hm^(2)+150 kg/hm^(2)N treatment minimum value,Under the same nitrogen application level,brown rice rate and white rice rate increased with the increase of basic seedlings.The amylose content under the same basic seedling decreased firstly and then increased with the increase of nitrogen application rate.Under the same nitrogen application level,there was a trend of decrease with the increase of basic seedlings under both blank and low nitrogen levels,and a trend of first decrease and then increase under high nitrogen level.The gel consistency was between 68.7-85.0 mm,and increased

关 键 词：深两优19 分蘖动态 产量结构 氮肥 品质 

分 类 号：S511[农业科学—作物学]