日照互花米草(Spartina alterniflora)分布精细化测绘及化学方法治理对底栖生物的影响  

Fine Mapping of the Distribution of Spartina alterniflora and the Effects of Its Chemical Treatment on Benthos in Rizhao City

作　　者：黄帅 侯继灵[1] 于洋[1] 王建勇[1] 郑智勇 HUANG Shuai;HOU Ji-ling;YU Yang(North China Sea Environmental Forecasting Center,Qingdao,Shandong 266100)

机构地区：[1]国家海洋局北海预报中心,山东青岛266100

出　　处：《安徽农业科学》2023年第19期72-79,共8页Journal of Anhui Agricultural Sciences

基　　金：山东省海洋生态环境与防灾减灾重点实验室开放资金资助项目(202106)。

摘　　要：互花米草(Spartina alterniflora)作为入侵我国沿海湿地产生危害最为严重的植物之一,其生长已严重威胁到滨海湿地生态系统的稳定,不断侵吞当地原生物种的生存空间,急需摸清互花米草的空间分布并针对现有的互花米草开展治理的全过程进行有效监测。在选划区域治理的前、中、后3个时期通过无人机遥感精细化测绘手段,对互花米草的分布面积进行动态监测,并通过分析各个时期潮间带底栖动物的密度、生物量、优势种及优势度以及各项多样性指标,发现化学方法治理对互花米草的灭杀效果十分显著,同时并未对区域内底栖生物类群产生显著影响。考虑到化学除草剂对环境的影响程度与其用量和施用时间密切相关,因而在后续的研究中,应在保证灭杀效果的前提下,探索出用药的最佳时间和药量的比例以求最大限度降低对生态环境的影响。Spartina alterniflora is one of the most harmful plants invading our coastal wetland,and its growth has seriously threatened the stability of the coastal wetland ecosystem,constantly occupying the living space of the local native species.Therefore,it is urgent to find out the spatial distribution of Spartina alterniflora and effectively monitor the whole process of the existing Spartina alterniflora management.In this study,the distribution area of Spartina alterniflora was dynamically monitored by UAV(Unmanned Aerial Vehicle)remote sensing fine mapping method in the three periods before,during and after the selected area for governance,and various indices such as density,biomass,dominant species and dominance of intertidal benthos,and diversity indices were analyzed in each period.It was concluded that the chemical treatment had a significant control effect on Spartina alterniflora,and had no significant effect on the benthic groups in the area.Considering that the impact of chemical herbicide on the environment is closely related to its dosage and application time,the optimal time and dosage ratio of the chemical herbicide should be explored in the subsequent research to minimize the impact on the ecological environment under the premise of ensuring the control effect.

关 键 词：互花米草 精细化测绘 化学治理 底栖生物 生物多样性 

分 类 号：X55[环境科学与工程—环境工程]