1961—2020年登陆江门沿海的台风及其暴雨气候特征  

Analysis of the Climatological Characteristics of Typhoons Making Landfall in the Coast of Jiangmen and the Resultant Heavy Rains from 1961 to 2020

作　　者：梁敏妍[1] 甘嘉欢 皮婉楷 卢栩诗 娄永芳 吴斯敏[1] 吴从权 张楚 LIANG Min-yan;GAN Jia-huan;PI Wan-kai;LU Xu-shi;LOU Yong-fang;WU Si-min;WU Cong-quan;ZHANG Chu(Meteorological Bureau of Jiangmen,Jiangmen 529030)

机构地区：[1]江门市气象局,广东江门529030

出　　处：《广东气象》2023年第5期33-39,共7页Guangdong Meteorology

基　　金：江门市气象局科学技术研究项目(202005)。

摘　　要：应用1961—2020年的台风和江门6个国家气象观测站降水资料,统计分析登陆江门沿海的台风及其给当地带来的暴雨特征。结果表明:60年间,首次登陆江门的台风有17个,登陆强度从TD(热带低压)到STY(强台风)级别。14个来源于西太平洋的台风路径总体稳定,可分为西北行型、偏西转东北型、西北转西南型;南海台风路径复杂,3个各不相同,有打圈型、偏西转偏北型、西北转东北型。登陆时间分布极不均匀,20世纪80年代最多,其次是70年代,21世纪10年代后强度有偏强趋势;月际分布8和9月最多,其次是7月;最早登陆时间为5月20日,最晚12月2日(也是全省最晚);全天各时段均有可能登陆。16个登陆台风带来暴雨,致暴雨率94%;暴雨量总体由南向北递减,偏南偏沿海地区暴雨概率更大;内陆恩平站比登陆地台山站暴雨概率往往更大,这可能是地形影响所致。暴雨主要集中在登陆当天和次日。暴雨强度总体与台风登陆强度相关,但并非必然的线性关系;致暴时间最长、过程降水量最多的是9320号南海TY,暴雨持续4 d、共15站次、累计暴雨量2023.7 mm、最大单站日雨量318.6 mm;最强是1826号Super-TY(超级台风)“山竹”。登陆台风的月际变化特征与历年月平均降水量特征相似,说明江门夏季降水量与台风活动有密切关系。Using the typhoon data from 1961 to 2020 and the precipitation data from six national mete-orological observation stations over the same period in Jiangmen,this work performs a statistical study on the characteristics of the typhoons making landfall in the coastal part of the city and the heavy rains they brought about in the local area.The results are shown as follows.For the 60 years studied,17 typhoons made their annually first landfalls in Jiangmen with the intensity varying from tropical depression to severe typhoon.Fourteen of them originated from the western Pacific with generally stable paths that were travelling to the northwest,west before turning to the northeast,or northwest before recurving to the southwest.The remai-ning three typhoons came from the South China Sea,which differed from each other with complicated routes by making loops,heading towards the west before turning to the north,or migrating to the northwest and then the northeast.The temporal distribution of landfalls is extremely uneven,with the 1980s having the most landfalls,followed by the 1970s,and the intensity tended to increase since the 2010s;the monthly distribu-tion is the most frequent in August and September,followed by July;the earliest date of landfalls is May 20 and the latest December 2(being also the latest for the whole province);and landfall can happen in all hours of the day.Sixteen of the typhoons studied brought about heavy rains,or at a rate of 94%.The a-mount of heavy rain generally decreases from the south to the north with larger probability of heavy rain in the south and coastal areas.The heavy rain amount is usually larger at the station of Engping,an inland obser-vation site,than at the station of Taishan where the typhoon landed from the sea,probably due to the terrain effect.The typhoon-caused heavy rain mostly happened on the day of landfall or the day following it.The rain intensity is generally correlated with the intensity of the typhoon at landfall,though they are not necessa-rily in linear relationship.

关 键 词：气候学 台风 登陆 暴雨 江门 

分 类 号：P46[天文地球—大气科学及气象学]