基于聚类和主成分分析的不同产地黄精主要成分比较  

Comparative of main components of Polygonatum from different habitats based on clustering and principal component analysis

作　　者：李恋红 邓玉群 田玉桥 邱小燕 陈三春 Li Lianhong;Deng Yuqun;Tian Yuqiao(Hunan Bestcome Traditional Medicine Co.,Ltd,Huaihua 418008)

机构地区：[1]湖南省博世康中医药有限公司,湖南怀化418008 [2]湖南食品药品职业学院,湖南长沙410205 [3]怀化学院生物与食品工程学院,湖南怀化418008

出　　处：《中国现代医药杂志》2023年第9期10-18,共9页Modern Medicine Journal of China

基　　金：怀化市科技计划项目(编号:2021J3106);中央引导地方科技发展资金项目(编号:2023ZYQ132);湖南省科技厅创新平台与人才计划项目(编号:2021NK4255);湖南省教育厅科学研究项目(编号:20C1191);湖南食品药品职业学院校级课题项目(编号:KT202007)。

摘　　要：目的对35份不同产地黄精原植物(多花黄精、鸡头黄精和滇黄精)的主要成分进行测定,为黄精种质资源保护及综合开发利用提供理论基础。方法测定还原糖、总蛋白质、总氨基酸和淀粉4种营养成分,浸出物、黄精多糖、总黄酮、总皂苷、总酚5种药用成分,并采用相关性分析、聚类分析和主成分分析进行综合评价。结果35份黄精还原糖、总蛋白质、总氨基酸和淀粉含量分别为10.127~48.697mg/g、32.334~49.667mg/g、8.675~21.229mg/g、18.978~57.842mg/g,其中鸡头黄精的营养成分总含量相对较高,辽宁鞍山的蛋白质和氨基酸含量最高、河北承德的淀粉和还原糖含量最高。药用成分浸出物、黄精多糖、总皂苷、总黄酮和总酚含量分别为47.291%~76.335%、6.883%~20.326%、0.857%~2.265%、0.293%~0.735%和0.127%~0.559%。湖南洪江的多花黄精浸出物含量最高,为(76.335±0.948)%;湖南新晃的多花黄精多糖含量最高,为(20.326±0.346)%;湖南安化的多花黄精总皂苷含量最高,为(2.265±0.049)%;河北遵化的鸡头黄精总黄酮含量最高,为(0.663±0.030)%;云南普洱的滇黄精总酚含量最高,为(0.559±0.066)%。9个成分间相关性显著,主要按品种聚类分为4大类,鸡头黄精主成分评分最高,且以辽宁鞍山产地评分最高;多花黄精中以四川三台产地评分最高;滇黄精中以贵州铜仁产地评分最高。结论营养价值较高的黄精品种宜选鸡头黄精,产地以河北承德、河北迁安为宜,药用价值较高的黄精品种宜选多花黄精,产地以湖南新晃、湖南新化、湖南洪江为宜。Objective To determine the main components of 35 samples(Polygonatum Cyrtonema Hua.,Polygonatum sibiricum Red.and Polygonatum Kingianum Coll.et Hemsl.)from different regions,and provide theoretical basis for the protection and comprehensive development and utilization of germplasm resources of Polyflorum.Methods Four nutritional components(reducing sugar,total protein,total amino acid and starch)and five medicinal components(extract,polysaccharide,total flavone,total saponin and total phenol)were determined.Correlation analysis,cluster analysis and principal component analysis were used for comprehensive evaluation.Results The contents of reducing sugar,total protein,total amino acid and starch in 35 samples were 10.127~48.697mg/g,32.334~49.667mg/g,8.675~21.229mg/g and 18.978~57.842mg/g,respectively,among which the total nutrient content of Polygonatum sibiricum Red.was relatively high.The contents of total protein and total amino acid were the highest in Anshan,Liaoning,and starch and reducing sugar were the highest in Chengde,Hebei.The contents of extracts,polysaccharides,total saponins,total flavonoids and total phenolics were 47.291%~76.335%,6.883%~20.326%,0.857%~2.265%,0.293%~0.735%and 0.127%~0.559%,respectively.The extracts content of Polygonatum Cyrtonema Hua.in Hongjiang,Hunan was the highest(76.335±0.948)%,the polysaccharides content in Xinhuang,Hunan was the highest(20.326±0.346)%,the total saponin content of Polygonatum Cyrtonema Hua.in Anhua,Hunan was the highest(2.265±0.049)%,the total flavonoids of Polygonatum sibiricum Red.in Zunhua,Hebei was the highest(0.663±0.030)%,and the total phenolic content of Polygonatum Kingianum Coll.et Hemsl.in Puer Yunnan was the highest(0.559±0.066)%.There was significant correlation among the 9 components,which were mainly divided into 4 categories according to the variety clustering.The score of the principal component of Polygonatum sibiricum Red.was the highest,and the score of the Anshan,Liaoning was the highest.The score of the Polygonatum Cyrtonema Hua.was

关 键 词：黄精 产地 成分 聚类分析 主成分分析 

分 类 号：R284.1[医药卫生—中药学]