施氮和种植模式对玉米/紫花苜蓿间作体系中作物产量、吸氮量和根系形态的影响  

Effects of Nitrogen Application and Planting Patterns on Crop Yield,Nitrogen Uptake and Root Morphology in a Maize/Alfalfa Intercropping System

作　　者：邵泽强 刘书奇 勾千冬[3] 依德萍 陆文龙 SHAO Zeqiang;LIU Shuqi;GOU Qiandong;YI Deping;LU Wenlong(College of Resource and Environment Engineering,Jilin Institute of Chemical Technology,Jilin 132022;College of Forestry,Beihua University,Jilin 132013;Liaoyuan Academy of Agricultural Sciences,Liaoyuan 136200;Yongji County General Agricultural Technology Extension Station,Jilin 132200,China)

机构地区：[1]吉林化工学院资源与环境工程学院,吉林吉林132022 [2]北华大学林学院,吉林吉林132013 [3]辽源市农业科学院,吉林辽源136200 [4]永吉县农业技术推广总站,吉林吉林132200

出　　处：《东北农业科学》2023年第4期6-11,共6页Journal of Northeast Agricultural Sciences

基　　金：吉林化工学院重大科技项目(吉化院重大合字【2020】第012号);吉林化工学院博士启动基金项目(吉化院博基合字【2021】第024号);国家自然科学基金项目(31471945)。

摘　　要：通过大田试验研究了不同施氮水平和种植模式对玉米/紫花苜蓿间作体系中玉米和紫花苜蓿产量、吸氮量和根系形态的影响。设置了2个施氮水平(N_(0)、N_(1))和4种种植模式(MM、MA、IMA46、IMA26)。结果表明,施氮能显著增加玉米和紫花苜蓿的产量和吸氮量。在不施氮肥(N_(0))条件下,与玉米单作(MM)相比,IMA46处理和IMA26处理可以使玉米产量、吸氮量、根系长度、根表面积和根体积分别增加72.9%、138.6%、37.0%、34.7%、43.0%和41.1%、73.5%、18.7%、8.8%、18.4%;在施氮肥(N_(1))条件下,与玉米单作(MM)相比,IMA46处理和IMA26处理可以使玉米产量、吸氮量、根系长度、根表面积和根体积分别增加21.9%、56.7%、41.0%、21.7%、30.4%和6.8%、21.2%、25.5%、12.2%、14.6%。无论施氮与否,与紫花苜蓿单作(MA)相比,间作体系紫花苜蓿根系长度、根表面积和根体积都有不同程度的降低。综上所述,IMA46模式在作物产量产值、氮素吸收以及根系构型方面均优于其他模式,可以在白浆土种植区域进行大面积推广应用。A field experiment was conducted to investigate the effects of different nitrogen application levels and planting patterns on the yield,nitrogen uptake,and root morphology of maize and alfalfa.Two nitrogen application levels(N_(0) and N_(1))and four planting patterns(MM,MA,IMA46,IMA26)were established.The results showed that N application significantly increased the yield and N uptake of maize and alfalfa.Under the conditions without N fertilizer(N_(0)),compared to maize monoculture(MM),IMA46 and IMA26 treatments could increase maize yield,nitrogen uptake,root length,root surface area and root volume by 72.9%,138.6%,37.0%,34.7%,43.0%and 41.1%,73.5%,18.7%,8.8%and 18.4%,respectively.With N fertilization(N_(1)),compared to maize monoculture(MM),IMA46 and IMA26 treatments could increase maize yield,N uptake,root length,root surface area and root volume by 21.9%,56.7%,41.0%,21.7%,30.4%and 6.8%,21.2%,25.5%,12.2%,14.6%,respectively.Additionally,whether nitrogen was applied or not,compared to alfalfa monoculture(MA),alfalfa's root length,root surface area,and root volume in intercropping systems were reduced to varying degree.In conclusion,in terms of crop yield value,nitrogen uptake,and root configuration,the IMA46 model outperformed the others,and is recommended for widespread application in regions with white pulp soil.

关 键 词：玉米/紫花苜蓿间作 产量 吸氮量 根系形态 

分 类 号：S541.9[农业科学—作物学] S513