健康体检人群工作时长与尿钠、钾排泄水平的关联性及按时就餐行为在其中的中介机制  

Association between working hours and urinary sodium and potassium excretion levels in a population undergoing health examinations,and the potential mediating effect of timely eating behaviors

作　　者：欧阳文彬 黄昕[1] 杨娉婷[2] 贺雪[2] 吴浩[2] 李莹[2] Ouyang Wenbin;Huang Xin;Yang Pingting;He Xue;Wu Hao;Li Ying(Department of Epidemiology,Hunan Normal University School of Medicine,Changsha 410013,China;Department of Health Management,the Third Xiangya Hospital,Central South University,Changsha 410013,China)

机构地区：[1]湖南师范大学医学院预防医学系,长沙410013 [2]中南大学湘雅三医院健康管理中心,长沙410013

出　　处：《中华健康管理学杂志》2023年第10期727-732,共6页Chinese Journal of Health Management

基　　金：国家自然科学基金(82003537,81973324)。

摘　　要：目的分析健康体检人群工作时长与尿钠、钾排泄水平的关联性及按时就餐行为在其中的中介机制。方法本研究为横断面研究,于2017年8月至2022年8月在中南大学湘雅三医院招募64400名健康体检人群为研究对象,使用《健康体检基本项目专家共识》中的健康体检自测问卷收集入组对象社会人口学特征等一般资料,通过Kawasaki法测量其尿液中的钠、钾排泄水平。采用Pearson相关分析评估工作时长与尿钠、钾排泄水平的关联性,采用logistic回归和线性回归模型分析按时就餐、工作时长与尿钠、钾排泄水平及其比值之间的关系,并分析其中的中介机制。结果纳入分析的64400名健康体检人群中,男性39274名(60.98%),女性25126名(39.02%),年龄(43.80±11.13)岁,平均工作时长>8 h/d者16980名(26.37%),无法按时吃三餐者4332名(6.73%),平均尿钠、钾排泄量及其比值分别为(4.12±1.86)g/d、(2.06±0.80)g/d、2.05±0.66。工作时长与尿钠、钾排泄量及其比值呈显著正相关(r=0.034、0.021、0.032),按时就餐行为与尿钠、钾排泄量呈显著负相关(r=-0.022、-0.019)(均P<0.001)。按时就餐行为在工作时长与尿钠排泄量的关联中存在部分中介效应(效应值=-0.006),根据劳动强度分层后,该中介作用仅存在于轻度体力劳动者中(均P<0.001)。结论工作时间延长会导致尿钠、钾排泄水平增加,按时就餐行为有利于轻度体力劳动者减盐/减钠。Objective To examine the association between working hours and urinary sodium and potassium excretion levels in a population undergoing health examinations and the potential mediating effect of timely eating behaviors.Methods In this cross-sectional study,64400 people who received health checkups from August 2017 to August 2022 at the Third Xiangya Hospital of Central South University were recruited as study subjects.General information on socio-demographic characteristics of the enrolled subjects were collected using the health checkup self-assessment questionnaire in the Expert Consensus on Basic Items for Health Checkups.Urinary excretion levels of sodium and potassium were measured with the Kawasaki method.The association between working hours and urinary sodium and potassium excretion levels was checked by using Pearson′s correlation analysis.The relationships between timely eating behaviors,working hours,and urinary sodium and potassium excretion levels and their ratios were analyzed using logistic regression and linear regression models,while the mediating mechanisms involved was also examined.Results Among the 64400 subjects,there were 39274 males(60.98%)and 25126 females(39.02%),the mean age was(43.80±11.13)years.There were 16980 individuals(26.37%)with an average working time exceeding 8 hours per day.Additionally,4332 subjects(6.73%)were unable to eat three meals on time.The mean urinary sodium and potassium excretion and their ratios were(4.12±1.86)g/d,(2.06±0.80)g/d,2.05±0.66,respectively.There was a significant positive correlation between working hours and urinary sodium excretion,urinary potassium excretion,and their ratios(r=0.034,0.021,0.032,respectivley);it showed that timely eating behavior had a significant negative correlation with urinary sodium and potassium excretion(r=-0.022,-0.019,respectivley)(all P<0.001).There was a partial mediating effect of timely eating behavior in the association between working hours and urinary sodium excretion(effect value of-0.006),and after stratifyin

关 键 词：体格检查 工作时长 就餐行为 钠 钾 中介效应 

分 类 号：R194.3[医药卫生—卫生事业管理]