活体小肠移植术  

Living-donor intestinal transplantation

作　　者：吴国生 刘朝旭 赵龙 梁廷波[1] Wu Guosheng;Liu Zhaoxu;Zhao Long;Liang Tingbo(Department of Colorectal Surgery and Intestinal Transplant Center,the First Affiliated Hospital,Zhejiang University School of Medicine,Hangzhou 310002,China)

机构地区：[1]浙江大学医学院第一附属医院结直肠外科暨小肠移植中心,杭州310002

出　　处：《中华外科杂志》2023年第10期850-855,共6页Chinese Journal of Surgery

基　　金：国家自然科学基金(82170662);浙江省卫生高层次领军人才基金(G225202);浙江省自然科学基金(LD21H030001)。

摘　　要：随着外科技术的进步、围手术期处理的改进和新型免疫抑制药物的应用, 小肠移植已经成为慢性肠衰竭的重要治疗方法之一。国际上, 绝大多数小肠移植供体为逝世后捐献, 活体捐献仅占2%。活体小肠移植是将健康捐献者的一部分小肠移植给受者, 捐献者一般为直系亲属。根据国际小肠康复和移植协会数据, 全球活体小肠移植数量尚不足100例。初步结果显示, 活体小肠移植具有急慢性排斥反应发生率低、免疫抑制剂用量少、病毒等机会性感染和移植物抗宿主病并发症少等优势, 器官和患者存活率至少等于或优于逝世后捐献小肠移植。在我国, 公民逝世后捐献器官数量严重不足, 供需矛盾日益突出, 尤其是适合儿童小肠移植的供者匮乏。因此, 活体小肠移植越来越成为慢性肠功能衰竭患者的重要治疗选项。Due to advances in surgical techniques,perioperative care,and new immunosuppressive agents,intestinal transplantation has become a valid therapeutic choice for chronic intestinal failure.Intestinal transplantation has been performed most commonly using deceased donation,while less than 2%of which have been from living donation.Living donor intestinal transplantation obtaining a segmental intestinal graft,usually from close relatives.Preliminary results show that acute/chronic rejection rates,postoperative opportunistic infections,and graft versus host disease are significantly reduced after living donor intestinal transplantation,contributing to improved graft and patient survivals.Due to a severe shortage of organ donation,especially in children,living donor intestinal transplantation has increasingly become an important treatment option for patients with chronic intestinal failure in China.

关 键 词：器官移植 小肠 活体供者 短肠综合征 肠功能衰竭 

分 类 号：R656.7[医药卫生—外科学]