植物基因组与表观遗传学研究进展  

Research progress of plant genomics and epigenetics

作　　者：肖军 鲁非 邓娴[2] 宋显伟[2] 贺飞 蒋才富 刘倩[1] 赵玉胜 姜丹华 傅向东[1] XIAO Jun;LU Fei;DENG Xian;SONG Xianwei;HE Fei;JIANG Caifu;LIU Qian;ZHAO Yusheng;JIANG Danhua;FU Xiangdong(State Key Laboratory of Plant Cell and Chromosome Engineering,Institute of Genetics and Developmental Biology,Chinese Academy of Sciences,Beijing 100101,China;state Key Laboratory of Plant Genomics,Institute of Genetics and Developmental Biology,Chinese Academy of Sciences,Beijing100101,China;State Key Laboratory of Plant Environmental Resilience,College of Biological Sciences,China Agricultural University,Beijing 100193,China)

机构地区：[1]中国科学院遗传与发育生物学研究所植物细胞与染色体工程国家重点实验室,北京100101 [2]中国科学院遗传与发育生物学研究所植物基因组学国家重点实验室,北京100101 [3]中国农业大学生物学院植物抗逆高效全国重点实验室,北京100193

出　　处：《植物生理学报》2023年第9期1665-1693,共29页Plant Physiology Journal

基　　金：国家自然科学基金(31921005和31970529)。

摘　　要：DNA序列信息是基因功能研究的基础,近10年来随着测序技术的升级迭代,植物基因组学高速发展。不同倍性植物高质量参考基因组的解析,重要作物泛基因组的构建,以及大规模、群体水平的深度重测序等极大推动了作物起源、驯化、农艺性状形成的解析以及育种改良的进程。表观遗传修饰参与植物生长发育的全过程,调控了植物对环境信号如光、温度、养分、盐碱等的应答和适应性,介导了同代和代际之间的“胁迫记忆”。除了DNA甲基化、小分子RNA调控、组蛋白修饰,近几年RNA结构与修饰以及染色质的三维结构也得到越来越多的关注,逐渐成为表观遗传研究的热点。本文主要概述了近10年来植物基因组和表观遗传学研究的前沿进展,比较国内外研究的侧重点,并探讨后续的发展趋势,提出未来5~10年的研究目标和项目建议。DNA sequence information is the basis of functional study.In the past decade,with the upgrade and iteration of sequencing technology,plant genomics has developed rapidly.The release of high-quality reference genomes of different ploidy plants,the construction of pan-genomes for important crops,and the large-scale,population-wide deep resequencing have greatly expanded the understanding of crop origin,domestication,agronomic trait formation and promoted the breeding process.Epigenetic modification participates in the whole process of plant growth and development,regulates the response and adaptability of plants to environmental signals such as light,temperature,nutrients and salinity,and mediates“stress memory”within and between generations.In addition to DNA methylation,small RNA regulation,and histone modification,RNA structure and modification,and the three-dimensional structure of chromatin have also received more and more attention in recent years,and have gradually become a hot-spot in epigenetics research.Here,we mainly summarize the frontier progresses of plant genomics and epigenetic research in the past ten years,compares research hotspots in China and world-wide,discusses the subsequent research trends,and proposes research goals and project proposals for the next 5–10 years.

关 键 词：参考基因组 泛基因组 起源与驯化 DNA甲基化 组蛋白修饰 染色质三维结构 RNA修饰 小分子RNA 

分 类 号：Q943[生物学—植物学]