2009—2022年吉林省麻疹流行规律分析  

Analysis of measles epidemic regularity in Jilin Province from 2009 to 2022

作　　者：单元春[1] 王爽[1] 吴东林[1] 田鑫[1] 程涛[1] 付思美[1] 郭淑英[2] 杨显达[1] SHAN Yuanchun;WANG Shuang;WU Donglin;TIAN Xin;CHENG Tao;FU Simei;GUO Shuying;YANG Xianda(Jilin Provincial Center for Disease Control and Prevention,Changchun 130062,Jilin Province,China;不详)

机构地区：[1]吉林省疾病预防控制中心,吉林长春130062 [2]吉林医药学院,吉林吉林132013

出　　处：《中国生物制品学杂志》2023年第9期1111-1116,共6页Chinese Journal of Biologicals

基　　金：吉林省卫生健康科技能力提升项目(2022GW007)。

摘　　要：目的分析2009—2022年吉林省麻疹流行规律,为制定麻疹防控措施提供依据。方法采用描述流行病学方法对2009—2022年吉林省麻疹确诊病例的发病率、免疫史及年龄组分布情况进行分析。并对麻疹代表株进行测序,采用生物信息学软件Bioedit和Mega 11分析优势流行株及其变异情况。结果2009—2022年吉林省共报告麻疹病例6560例,其中含麻疹成分疫苗免疫史为0剂次及免疫史不详病例分别占50.17%和27.58%。0~24月龄组占总病例数的47.29%,≥15岁组占总病例数的37.41%。报告发病率受免疫策略和新型冠状病毒疫情影响,近3年内达到<1/100万的消除水平。吉林省麻疹病毒优势基因型仍为H1a基因亚型,分子流行病学分析显示有2条大型传播链持续共同流行,其中1条传播链于2015年被阻断。结论2009—2022年吉林省麻疹报告发病率呈下降趋势,病例年龄呈双向位移分布,集中于无免疫史和免疫史不详人群。应继续提高基础接种率,有针对性地开展强化免疫,加强分子流行病学监测,及时阻断传播链。Objective To analyze the epidemiological regularity of measles in Jilin Province from 2009 to 2022,so as to provide evidence for measles prevention and control measures.MethodsThe representative strains of measles from 2009 to2022 in Jilin Province were sequenced,the dominant epidemic strains and their variation were analyzed by bioinformatics software Bioedit and Mega 11,and the morbidity,immunization history and age distribution of the confirmed cases were analyzed by descriptive epidemiological method.ResultsA total of 6560 cases of measles were reported in Jilin Province from 2009 to 2022,of which 50.17%and 27.58%were cases with zero doses of measles vaccine and unknown immu-nization history,respectively.Children aged 0~23 months accounted for 47.29%of the total number of cases,adult group aged≥15 years accounted for 37.41%.The reported incidence reached the elimination level of<1 per million population in the last 3 years due to the impact of immunization strategies and COVID-19 pandemic.The dominant genotype of measles virus in Jilin Province was still H1a genotype.Molecular epidemiological analysis showed that two large transmission chains continued to be prevalent together,one of which was blocked in 2015.ConclusionFrom 2009 to 2022,the reported incidence of measles in Jilin Province showed a downward trend,and the age of the cases showed a"two-way shift"distribution,which was concentrated in the population with no immunization history and unknown immunization history.The basic vaccination rate should be increased continuously,the targeted enhanced immunization should be carried out,and the molecular epidemiological surveillance should be strengthened to block transmission chains in time.

关 键 词：麻疹病毒 流行规律 生物信息学分析 

分 类 号：R373.1[医药卫生—病原生物学]