航空气象服务的公共产品经济学分析  

An Economic Analysis of the Public Provision of Goods and Services on Aviation Weather Services

作　　者：张强 于洁[1] Zhang Qiang;Yu Jie(Meteorological Centre of North China Air Traffic Management Bureau of CAAC,Beijing 100621;Key Laboratory of Transportation Meteorology,CMA,Nanjing 210008)

机构地区：[1]中国民用航空华北地区空中交通管理局气象中心,北京100621 [2]中国气象局交通气象重点实验室,南京210008

出　　处：《气象科技进展》2023年第4期126-129,138,共5页Advances in Meteorological Science and Technology

基　　金：南京气象科技创新研究院北极阁开放研究基金(BJG202102)。

摘　　要：天气因素对航空运行高度敏感。世界上多个国家和地区的航空气象服务是一种典型的由政府无偿提供的社会公益性公共产品,随着社会的不断发展,许多市场经济发达国家和地区已经尝试推广气象服务商业化并取得了显著的效果。本文对航空气象服务的经济学特征进行分析,表明航空气象基础产品和服务具有公共物品的非竞争性和非排他性经济属性,并从经济学公共产品供需理论出发分析了航空气象服务具有公共产品及俱乐部产品特征以及商业市场运行机制,提出了航空气象服务发展商业化的可能性及一些建议。Aviation operations are highly sensitive to weather conditions.Aviation weather services in many countries and regions around the world are a typical public goods provided by governments free of charge.With the development of society,many developed market countries and regions have had good results by practicing commercialization of aviation weather services.This article analyzes the economic characteristics of aviation weather services to show that aviation weather products have the nonrival and non-exclusive attributes of public provision of goods and services.Based on the supply and demand theory of public goods in economics,this paper also analyzes the characteristics of a club goods provision on aviation weather services,as well as the operational mechanism of commercial markets.Moreover,the possibility and some suggestions for the commercialization of aviation weather services are proposed.

关 键 词：航空气象服务 气象服务经济 公共产品 私人产品 俱乐部产品 

分 类 号：F561[经济管理—产业经济] V321.21[航空宇航科学与技术—人机与环境工程]