铝灰检测技术研究进展  

Research Progress of the Test Technology of Aluminum Dross

作　　者：李波 张树朝 瞿媛媛 LI Bo;ZHANG Shuchao;QU Yuanyuan(Zhengzhou Non-Ferrous Metals Research Institute Co.,Ltd.,of CHALCO,Zhengzhou 450041,China)

机构地区：[1]中铝郑州有色金属研究院有限公司,河南郑州450041

出　　处：《中国材料进展》2023年第10期833-839,共7页Materials China

摘　　要：铝灰已被列入国家危险废物名录,属于HW48有色金属采选与冶炼废物,需按照危险废物管理的相关规定进行处置。不同来源(铝冶炼、铝加工、废铝回收)的铝灰性能、成分差别很大,检测方法无法统一,需要根据样品情况研究确定。为此,很多学者利用X射线荧光光谱法半定量、湿法化学分析、电感耦合等离子体-原子发射光谱法、原子吸收光谱法、X射线衍射法物相定性等测试方法做了大量的研究工作,发表了各自的研究成果,也起草了几个行业标准。但一些论文、标准考虑不够全面,提出的测试方法有待商榷。为了使从事铝灰处置的技术人员更加全面地了解铝灰成分的测试方法,系统分析这些方法的优点及存在的不足,同时提出通过Rietveld全谱拟合对铝灰进行定量分析的方法,为原铝灰、无害化处理后铝灰的分析检测提供了一种新的思路。Aluminum dross has been included in the national hazardous waste list and belongs to HW48 nonferrous metal mining and smelting waste,which needs to be disposed in accordance with the relevant regulations of hazardous waste management.The performance and composition of aluminum dross from different sources(aluminum smelting,aluminum processing,waste aluminum recovery)vary greatly,so there is no mature detection method for reference,which needs to be studied based on the sample.Therefore,many scholars have done a lot of researches by using X-ray fluorescence spectrometry semi-quantitative,wet chemical analysis,inductively coupled plasma-atomic emission spectrometry,atomic absorption spectrometry,X-ray diffraction phase qualitative and other testing methods;published their own research results and drafted several industry standards.However,due to the insufficient consideration of individual standards and individual scholars,the test methods proposed are worth discussing.In order to enable the technical personnel engaged in aluminum dross disposal to have a more comprehensive understanding of the testing methods of aluminum dross,this paper systematically analyzes the advantages and disadvantages of the above methods,and proposes the method of Rietveld full spectrum fitting for quantitative analysis of aluminum dross,which provides a new idea for the analysis and detection of primary aluminum dross and aluminum dross after harmless treatment.

关 键 词：铝灰 检测技术 X射线荧光光谱法 湿法化学分析 X射线衍射法 Rietveld全谱拟合 

分 类 号：X758[环境科学与工程—环境工程]