琴键阶消能工消能特性  

Characteristics of energy dissipation for keyboard-stepped energy dissipator

作　　者：赵一名 朱李英[2] 李永业[1] ZHAO Yiming;ZHU Liying;LI Yongye(College of Water Resource Science and Engineering,Taiyuan University of Technology,Taiyuan,Shanxi 030024,China;Sichuan Water Conservancy Vocational College,Chengdu,Sichuan 611231,China)

机构地区：[1]太原理工大学水利科学与工程学院,山西太原030024 [2]四川水利职业技术学院,四川成都611231

出　　处：《排灌机械工程学报》2023年第10期1043-1050,共8页Journal of Drainage and Irrigation Machinery Engineering

基　　金：国家自然科学基金资助项目(51179116)。

摘　　要：为了研究台阶形状改变对台阶溢洪道消能特性的影响,提出一种琴键阶消能工,采取数值模拟与模型验证相结合的方法对琴键阶消能工与传统的台阶消能工在不同流量下的水面线与流态特征、压强特性、流速矢量特性以及消能率进行了分析.研究结果表明:在Q=40 m^(3)/h时,琴键阶消能工的流动形态尚为跌落水流时台阶消能工已为过渡水流,此时琴键阶消能工流动形态较为稳定;不同流量时琴键阶消能工表面的压强分布显示:极大压强区域与负压强区域并没有分布在台阶凸角的两侧且分布较为分散,对台阶凸角的安全影响较小,比较有利于维护;同时在琴键阶附近的三维旋滚比较多,消耗水流动能的效果较好;而且琴键阶消能工在不同流量下的消能率比台阶消能工更为稳定,当流量从40 m^(3)/h增大到60 m^(3)/h时,琴键阶和台阶消能率最大下降幅度分别为3.22%与24.33%.总体上琴键阶消能工的消能效果较好且较为稳定,可以为实际消能工程提供一种新的思路.In order to study the influence of changing step shape on the energy dissipation characteristics of stepped spillway,a keyboard-stepped energy dissipator was proposed,the water surface profile and flow pattern characteristics,pressure characteristics,velocity vector characteristics and energy dissipation rate of the keyboard-stepped energy dissipator and traditional stepped energy dissipator under different flows were analyzed by the combination of numerical simulation and model verification.It can be concluded that at Q=40 m^(3)/h,the flow pattern of the keyboard-stepped energy dissipator is still drop flow while the traditional stepped energy dissipator is transition flow,and the flow pattern of the keyboard-stepped energy dissipator is relatively stable.The pressure distribution on the surface of the keyboard-stepped energy dissipator at different flows shows that maximum pressure areas and negative pressure areas are not distributed on both sides of the step convex angle and the distribution is relatively scattered,which has less influence on the step convex angle and is more conducive to maintenance.At the same time,there are many three-dimensional vortex near the key steps,which can consume the kinetic energy of water better.Furthermore,the energy dissipation rate of the keyboard-stepped energy dissipator is more stable than that of the traditional stepped energy dissipator at different flows.The maximum decrease of the energy dissipation rate of keyboard-stepped and traditional stepped energy dissipator 3.22%and 24.33%respectively,when the flow increases from 40 m^(3)/h to 60 m^(3)/h.In total,the energy dissipation effect of the keyboard-stepped energy dissipator is better and more stable,which can provide a new idea for the actual energy dissipation engineering.

关 键 词：台阶消能 数值模拟 消能特性 消能率 负压 

分 类 号：S277.7[农业科学—农业水土工程] TV65[农业科学—农业工程]