不同土壤基质势调控对文冠果果园滴灌土壤水盐分布的影响  

Effects of Different Soil Matric Potential on Soil Water and Salt Distribution Under Drip Irrigation in Xanthoceras Sorbifolium Fruit Orchards

作　　者：罗敏 张通港 王春 闫思慧 程煜 张体彬 康跃虎[4] 曾万祺[5] LUO Min;ZHANG Tong-gang;WANG Chun;YAN Si-hui;CHENG Yu;ZHANG Ti-bin;KANG Yue-hu;ZENG Wan-qi(Key Laboratory of Agricultural Soil and Water Engineering in Arid and Semiarid Areas,Ministry of Education,NorthwestA&F University,Yangling 712100,Shaanxi Province,China;College of Water Resources and Architectural Engineering,Northwest A&F University,Yangling 712100,Shaanxi Province,China;Institute of Soil and Water Conservation,ChineseAcademy of Sciences and Ministry of Water Resources,Yangling 712100,Shaanxi Province,China;Key Laboratory ofWater Cycle and Related Land Surface Processes,Institute of Geographical Sciences and Natural Resources Research,Chinese Academy of Sciences,Beijing 100101,China;Academy of Water Resources Conservation Forests in QilianMountains of Gansu Province,Zhangye 734000,Gansu Province,China)

机构地区：[1]西北农林科技大学旱区农业水土工程教育部重点实验室,陕西杨凌712100 [2]西北农林科技大学水利与建筑工程学院,陕西杨凌712100 [3]中国科学院水利部水土保持研究所,陕西杨凌712100 [4]中国科学院地理科学与资源研究所陆地水循环及地表过程重点实验室,北京100101 [5]甘肃省祁连山水源涵养林研究院,甘肃张掖734000

出　　处：《节水灌溉》2023年第10期18-27,共10页Water Saving Irrigation

基　　金：国家重点研发计划项目(2021YFD1900700);中国科学院前沿科学重点研究计划项目(QYZDJ-SSW-DQC028);中国科学院“西部之光”人才培养计划项目(XAB2022YW04)。

摘　　要：为解决河西走廊地区文冠果种植中因水资源短缺和土壤盐渍化导致文冠果生长及产量不佳的问题,在滴灌条件下研究不同土壤基质势(SMP)水平对文冠果果园土壤水盐分布特征的影响,以期为该区文冠果滴灌灌溉制度的制定提供科学依据。田间试验于2021年5-9月在甘肃省张掖市(河西走廊中部地区)开展,选择幼树期(1 a生)和结果期(5 a生)文冠果果树,均以传统地面灌为对照,在滴灌条件下设置不同SMP阈值处理,其中幼树期为-10、-20、-30、-40、-50 kPa,结果期为-5、-10、-15、-20、-25 kPa。结果表明:①滴灌条件下文冠果果园土壤体积含水率随着SMP阈值的降低而减少。随着SMP阈值逐渐降低,幼树期文冠果生长季末根区土壤体积含水率分别为0.14、0.13、0.13、0.12、0.11 cm^(3)/cm^(3),结果期分别为0.21、0.20、0.17、0.16、0.12 cm^(3)/cm^(3)。②经过一个生长季的滴灌后,各处理土壤饱和泥浆提取液电导率(ECe)均显著降低。随着SMP阈值逐渐降低,幼树期文冠果生长季末土壤ECe由灌溉前的5.45 dS/m分别降低为3.69、3.85、4.23、4.61 dS/m和5.00 dS/m,结果期由灌溉前的6.96 dS/m分别降低为4.47、4.87、4.83、5.59 dS/m和5.71 dS/m。③与传统地面灌溉相比,滴灌灌溉能够有效减少文冠果根区土壤积盐,更有利于形成适宜作物生长的根区水盐环境。综合考虑文冠果耐盐性及水分利用效率,建议河西走廊地区文冠果滴灌种植时,幼树期SMP阈值控制在-30 kPa,结果期SMP阈值控制在-20 kPa。This study aimed to solve the problem of poor growth and yield of Xanthoceras sorbifolia in Hexi Corridor region due to water shortage and soil salinization.The distribution characteristics of soil water and salt under different soil matric potentials(SMP)of dripirrigated Xanthoceras sorbifolia orchards were studied,providing a scientific basis for the drip irrigation scheduling for Xanthoceras sorbifolia in the Hexi Corridor region.The field experiment was conducted in Zhangye City,Gansu Province(central region of Hexi Corridor)from May to September of 2021.The young(1-year-old)and fruiting(5-year-old)Xanthoceras sorbifolia fruit trees were selected,and different SMP thresholds were set under drip irrigation conditions.The SMP values for young tree were-10,-20,-30,-40,-50 kPa,and those for the fruiting tree were-5,-10,-15,-20,-25 kPa.The results showed that:①Under drip irrigation conditions,the soil volumetric water contents in the orchard decreased with the decrease of SMP thresholds.As the SMP thresholds gradually decreased,the soil volume moisture contents in the root zone at the end of the growing season were 0.14,0.13,0.13,0.12,and 0.11 cm^(3)/cm^(3),respectively for the young tree;while the corresponding values were 0.21,0.20,0.17,0.16,and 0.12 cm^(3)/cm^(3),respectively for the fruiting tree.②After one season drip irrigation,the soil electrical conductivity of saturated paste extract(ECe)in each treatment significantly decreased.As the SMP thresholds gradually decreased,the soil ECe at the end of the growing season decreased from 5.45 dS/m before irrigation to 3.69,3.85,4.23,4.61 dS/m and 5.00 dS/m,respectively for the young tree;while the values decreased from 6.96 dS/m before irrigation to 4.47,4.87,4.83,5.59 dS/m and 5.71 dS/m,respectively for the fruiting tree.③Unlike traditional surface irrigation,drip irrigation could effectively reduce soil salt accumulation in the root zone of Xanthoceras sorbifolia,and was more conducive to forming a suitable water and salt environment in the root zone for

关 键 词：文冠果 土壤基质势 滴灌 土壤盐渍化 

分 类 号：S274[农业科学—农业水土工程]