亏缺灌溉条件下增施硅肥对番茄生长发育及品质的影响研究  

The Effect of Adding Silicon Fertilizer on the Growth,Development and Quality of Tomatoes Under Deficient Irrigation Conditions

作　　者：杨振平[1] 刘苑 邓亚鹏 YANG Zhen-ping;LIU Yuan;DENG Ya-peng(Shijiazhuang Water Conservancy Technology Promotion Center,Shijiazhuang 050000,China;Shijiazhuang HydrologicalSurvey and Research Center,Shijiazhuang 050000,China)

机构地区：[1]石家庄市水利技术推广中心,石家庄050000 [2]石家庄水文勘测研究中心,石家庄050000

出　　处：《节水灌溉》2023年第10期68-74,共7页Water Saving Irrigation

摘　　要：为有效提高番茄种植水肥利用效率,促进作物生长,提升番茄产量及品质,以番茄为研究对象,设置3个灌溉水量(100%Ep、75%Ep和50%Ep,Ep为作物蒸发蒸腾量,分别用W100、W75和W50表示)和3个硅肥施加量(0、1、2 mmol/L,分别用Si0、Si1和Si2表示)共9组处理,分析亏缺灌溉条件下增施硅肥对番茄生长发育、产量及品质的影响。结果表明,W75Si1、W100Si2、W75Si2处理的株高、茎粗和叶片干物质量最大,生长发育最佳,产量最高,株高、茎粗、叶片干物质量和产量均随着灌溉水量和施硅量的增加而增加,且灌溉水量和施硅量及其交互作用对株高、茎粗、叶片干物质量、水分利用效率(WUE)及产量影响显著(P<0.05),水分利用效率随着硅肥的增加和灌溉水量的降低而增加;番茄红素、可溶性糖和可溶性固形物均随灌溉水量的增加呈现出上升趋势,维生素C随硅肥的增加呈现出现先增加后下降趋势;施硅处理在促进番茄生长发育、提高产量和促进番茄红素合成的同时,也抑制了维生素C、可溶性糖和可溶性固形物含量的形成。隶属函数法表明,W75Si2处理能够提高水分利用效率,促进番茄生长,提升产量及品质,是试验条件下最优的灌溉方式。In order to improve the water,fertilizer utilization efficiency of tomato planting,growth,yield and quality,three irrigation water quantities(50%,75%and 100%of crop evapotranspiration(Ep),denoted by W50,W75,and W100)and three silicon fertilizer application amounts(0,1,2 mmol/L,represented by Si0,Si1,and Si2)were set up for 9 groups of treatment.The effects of silicon fertilizer on tomato growth and quality under deficit irrigation were analyzed,and the growth,yield and quality of tomato were evaluated by membership function method.The results showed that W75Si1,W100Si2 and W75Si2 had the highest plant height,stem diameter and leaf dry matter mass,the best growth and development,and the highest yield.The plant height,stem diameter,leaf dry matter mass,yield increased with the increase of irrigation water and silicon application amount.Irrigation water amount and silicon application amount and their interaction had significant effects on plant height,stem diameter,leaf dry matter mass,WUE and yield(P<0.05).WUE increased with the increase of silicon fertilizer and the decrease of irrigation water amount.Lycopene,soluble sugar and soluble solid increased with the increase of irrigation water,while vitamin C increased first and then decreased with the increase of silicon fertilizer.Silicon application promoted the growth,yield and synthesis of lycopene,but also inhibited the formation of vitamin C,soluble sugar and soluble solid content.Membership function method showed that W75Si2 treatment was the best irrigation method under experimental conditions,which could improve WUE,growth,yield and quality.

关 键 词：亏缺灌溉 水分胁迫 水肥耦合 施硅肥 番茄 产量 品质 生长 

分 类 号：TV93[水利工程—水利水电工程] S275.3[农业科学—农业水土工程]