不同生物制剂对烤烟提质防病效果及土壤特性的影响  

Effects of Different Biological Agents on Quality Improvement,Disease Control and Soil Properties of Flue-cured Tobacco

作　　者：邓涛[1] 夏贤仁[1] 李先才 吴凯 吴姝俊 王全贞 郭启超 余森申 DENG Tao;XIA Xianren;LI Xiancai;WU Kai;WU Shujun;WANG Quanzhen;GUO Qichao;YU Senshen(Qujing Branch of Yunnan Tobacco Company,Qujing,Yunnan 655000;School of Energy and Environmental Sciences,Yunnan Normal University,Kunming,Yunnan 650500;Yunnan Wooja Biotechnology Company Limited,Kunming,Yunnan 650106,China)

机构地区：[1]云南省烟草公司曲靖市公司,云南曲靖655000 [2]云南师范大学能源与环境科学学院,云南昆明650500 [3]云南五佳生物科技有限公司,云南昆明650106

出　　处：《贵州农业科学》2023年第10期48-57,共10页Guizhou Agricultural Sciences

基　　金：中国烟草总公司云南省公司科技计划项目“基于植烟土壤微环境保育的土传病害防控技术研究与应用”(2021530000242004)。

摘　　要：【目的】探明不同生物制剂对烤烟提质防病及土壤特性的影响,为减施化学农药,保障烟区烟叶生产安全并促进当地烟草产业的可持续发展。【方法】采用随机区组试验,对比分析单施枯草芽孢杆菌(A)、单施木霉菌(B)、单施苦参硫磺(C)、枯草芽孢杆菌与苦参硫磺配施(AC)和木霉菌与苦参硫磺配施(BC)下烟草根黑腐病和黑胫病的发病率、土壤理化性质、土壤微生物多样性、农艺性状及烟叶品质的差异。【结果】各处理根黑腐病发病率为1.76%~5.04%,防效为28.77%~65.08%,除A外,其余处理根黑腐病发病率较不施药(CK)显著降低;各处理黑胫病发病率为2.33%~4.40%,防效为31.82%~48.86%,除A外,其余处理黑胫病发病率较CK显著降低,AC和BC对2种病害的防效较佳,防效为47.05%~65.08%,且农艺性状表现较好;烟叶物理特性,中部烟叶以C表现较好,得分较CK提高6.02%,上部烟叶以AC表现最好,得分较CK提高6.74%;各处理中部烟叶化学成分协调性略差于CK,上部烟叶则以A、C较好,均较CK提高4.35%;各处理土壤细菌多样性指数为8.06~8.60,除A稍低于CK外,其余处理均高于CK但无显著差异,土壤真菌多样性指数为6.80~7.59,其中,BC(7.59)、B(7.34)均显著高于CK(6.86);各处理土壤理化性质无显著差异,AC和BC使土壤容重呈降低趋势,孔隙度呈上升趋势。【结论】苦参硫磺与木霉菌或枯草芽孢杆菌配合施用能较好地防治烟草黑胫病和根黑腐病,不同程度提高烟叶的物理特性、协调化学成分,木霉菌可显著提高土壤真菌多样性。【Objective】The effects of different biological agents on quality improvement,disease control and soil properties of flue-cure tobacco were explored,so as to reduce chemical agents application,ensure the production of tobacco leaves,and promote the sustainable development of local tobacco industry.【Method】A randomized block test was conducted to compare and analyze the incidence rate,soil physical and chemical properties,soil microbial diversity,agronomic traits and tobacco quality of flue-cured tobacco as single application of Bacillus subtilis(A),Trichoderma(B),matrine sulfur(C),B.subtilis combined with matrine sulfur(AC)and Trichoderma combined with matrine sulfur(BC).【Result】The incidence of root black rot were 1.76%-5.04%,and the control effects were 28.77%-65.08%.Except A,the incidence of root black rot was significantly reduced compared with no application(CK).The incidences of black shank disease was 2.33%-4.40%,and the control efficiencies were 31.82%to 48.86%.Except A,the incidence of black shank under other treatments significantly lower than CK,and the control efficiency of AC and BC against the two diseases were better with 47.05%to 65.08%,respectively,and the agronomic traits were better.In terms of physical characteristics of tobacco leaves,the middle tobacco leaves performed better treated with C,and the score increased by 6.02%compared with CK,while the upper tobacco leaves performed best treated with AC,and the score increased by 6.74%compared with CK.The chemical composition coordination of tobacco leaves in the middle leaves of each treatment was slightly worse than that of CK,and that of tobacco leaves in the upper part was better under A and C treatment,both of which were 4.35%higher than CK.The soil bacterial diversity index of all treatments was 8.06-8.60,and except that A was slightly lower than CK,other treatments were higher than CK.The soil fungal diversity index was 6.80-7.59,among which BC(7.59)and B(7.34)were significantly higher than CK(6.86).There was no significant dif

关 键 词：烤烟 生物制剂 黑胫病 根黑腐病 微生物多样性 土壤特性 宣威北部烟区 

分 类 号：S572[农业科学—烟草工业]