废弃矿区重金属污染负荷核算方法及其应用研究——以广东某废弃铅锌矿区为例  

Research on the calculation method and application of heavy metal pollution load in abandoned mining areas——Based on an abandoned lead-zinc mining area in Guangdong

作　　者：彭香琴 沈于凯 蔡彬 王炜 杜建伟 陈岩贽 PENG Xiangqin;SHEN Yukai;CAI Bin;WANG Wei;DU Jianwei;CHEN Yanzhi(South China Institute of Environmental Sciences,Guangzhou 510655,China;Guangdong University of Technology,Guangzhou 510006,China)

机构地区：[1]生态环境部华南环境科学研究所,广州510655 [2]广东工业大学,广州510006

出　　处：《环境保护科学》2023年第5期18-23,共6页Environmental Protection Science

基　　金：典型硫铁矿区硫化还原菌对硫酸盐矿物的微观作用机制研究(PM-zx703-202305-269)。

摘　　要：为定量评估废弃矿山中非点源重金属污染负荷,以Johnes输出系数模型为基础,构建了废弃矿区固体废物重金属负荷核算模型。以广东某废弃铅锌矿区作为模型验证区,应用模型估算了该矿区的非点源锌、铅、镉、砷、铜、汞、镍等重金属污染负荷。结果表明:某废弃铅锌矿区固体废物在淋溶条件下产生的重金属负荷约为1.81 g/a,其中铅的负荷最高,占45.95%。但在考虑污染物全部释放的情形下,铅的平均污染负荷达到了465.78 t。该模型可快速推算废弃矿区重金属污染负荷,相比于传统的Johnes输出系数法更简便、快速、适用性更高。与其他矿区相比,该矿区重金属整体污染负荷不高,但重金属污染元素种类较多,在极端条件下,该区域铅镉锌等重金属仍有较高的污染风险,建议按“一堆一策”治理方案深入开展废弃矿区固体废物污染源整治。A heavy metal load assessment model for solid waste in abandoned mines was developed to quantitatively evaluate non-point source heavy metal pollution.Using Johnes'output coefficient model,this study estimated heavy metal pollution loads in an abandoned lead-zinc mine in Guangdong.The results showed that under leaching conditions,the heavy metal load was approximately 1.81g/a,with lead comprising the highest proportion at 45.95%.Considering the total pollutant release,the average lead contamination load reached 465.78 tonnes.Compared to the conventional Johnes output coefficient method,it offered a faster and simpler approach to estimate the heavy metal pollution in abandoned mining areas.It proved to be a valuable tool for calculating non-point source heavy metal pollution loads in such areas.Although the overall heavy metal pollution load in the mining area was relatively low,the presence of various heavy metal elements posed a notable risk,particularly for lead,cadmium,and zinc under extreme conditions.Comprehensive solid waste pollution remediation following a tailored"one mining area,one policy"approach was necessary.

关 键 词：污染负荷核算 废弃矿山 重金属 输出系数法 

分 类 号：X75[环境科学与工程—环境工程]