突发性水污染事故应急监测及预案评估应用实证——基于模糊层次综合评判法  

Application of emergency monitoring and plan evaluation for sudden water pollution accidents——Based on fuzzy hierarchical comprehensive evaluation method

作　　者：雷霄 李冬 寇蓉蓉 王明良 魏东洋 刘雪瑜[2] 黎佳茜 LEI Xiao;LI Dong;KOU Rongrong;WANG Mingliang;WEI Dongyang;LIU Xueyu;LI Jiaxi(College of Environmental and Municipal Engineering,Lanzhou Jiaotong University,Lanzhou 730070,China;Institute of water ecological environment,Chinese Academy of Environmental Sciences,Beijing 100020,China;Environmental development center of the Ministry of ecology and environment,Beijing 100029,China;China Communications Construction Company Limited,Beijing 100088,China)

机构地区：[1]兰州交通大学环境与市政工程学院,兰州730070 [2]中国环境科学研究院水生态环境研究所,北京100020 [3]生态环境部环境发展中心,北京100029 [4]中国交通建设股份有限公司,北京100088

出　　处：《环境保护科学》2023年第5期76-82,共7页Environmental Protection Science

基　　金：国家“水体污染控制与治理”科技重大专项(2018ZX07110-007)。

摘　　要：近年来突发性水污染事故频繁发生,及时准确地开展水污染事故应急监测、评估和水污染治理的需求越来越迫切。该研究以某江突发性水污染事故为例,结合现场水质检测结果,提出基于模糊综合评判法和层次分析法的应急监测以及预案评估,量化水质状态,分析水质影响的主要污染源;同时结合层次分析法制定针对性的水污染应急预案。结果表明:该评估方法准确量化了不同监测位置的多种重金属污染的水环境状态,明确了造成应急期间水质恶化的主要原因为镉超标;基于制定的应急预案,综合评估了管控措施的总分为72.7,应急能力属于一般;后期应在仪器配置、文件系统等储备能力、监测能力以及迅捷方面改善以进一步提升总体应急能力。In recent years,sudden water pollution accidents have occurred frequently,and the need for timely and accurate emergency monitoring,evaluation,and treatment of water pollution accidents is becoming increasingly urgent.Taking a sudden water pollution accident in a certain river as an example,combined with on-site water quality testing results,this study proposed an emergency monitoring and plan evaluation based on fuzzy comprehensive evaluation and analytic hierarchy process,quantifying water quality status and analyzing the main pollution sources affected by water quality.At the same time,targeted emergency plans were formulated for water pollution based on the analytic hierarchy process.The results showed that the assessment method accurately quantified the water environment status of various heavy metal pollution at different monitoring locations,and identified the main cause of water quality deterioration during the emergency period as cadmium exceeding the standard.Based on the developed emergency plan,the total score of the comprehensive evaluation of the control measures was 72.7,indicating that the emergency capacity was average.In the later stage,improvements should be made in the instrument configuration,file system,and other reserve capabilities,monitoring capabilities,and agility to further enhance the overall emergency response capability.

关 键 词：突发性水污染事故 模糊综合评判法 层次分析法 应急监测 应急预案评估 

分 类 号：X83[环境科学与工程—环境工程]