中国传统村落时空分布特征与影响因素  

Spatiotemporal Distribution of Chinese Traditional Villages and Its Influencing Factors

作　　者：方叶林[1] 陆海云 黄震方[2] 朱志刚 FANG Yelin;LU Haiyun;HUANG Zhenfang;ZHU Zhigang(School of Business,Anhui University,Hefei 230601,Anhui,China;School of Geography,Nanjing Normal University,Nanjing 210023,Jiangsu,China)

机构地区：[1]安徽大学商学院,安徽合肥230601 [2]南京师范大学地理科学院,江苏南京210023

出　　处：《经济地理》2023年第9期187-196,共10页Economic Geography

基　　金：国家自然科学基金面上项目(42171238、42271272);安徽省自然科学基金面上项目(2108085MD125)。

摘　　要：文章选择中国8155个传统村落作为研究样本,通过最邻近指数、地理集中指数、不均衡指数、核密度分析等方法,对中国传统村落的空间分布以及相关影响因素进行探究。结果发现:(1)从空间分布类型来看,传统村落整体上南多北少,呈现集聚分布的形态。(2)从空间分布均衡性的角度分析,传统村落在空间上呈现非均衡分布的态势,且有较高的集中度。(3)从空间分布密度的角度分析,传统村落大致形成五大集聚区,分别为:山西—河北—河南三省交界集聚区、东南沿海及其周边集聚区、湖南—广西—贵州三省交界集聚区、云南边境集聚区、青海—甘肃两省交界集聚区。(4)传统村落分布受自然、经济、社会等3个方面的综合影响,其中,自然因素主要影响早期传统村落选址,经济因素、社会因素在传统村落的保留及后期分布格局的形成过程中发挥着重要作用。针对传统村落时空分布特征及成因,从经济水平、交通条件、政策环境和民族风俗等4个方面提出发展建议。The study selected 8155 traditional villages in China's mainland as the research sample,and explored the spatial distribution of traditional villages in China and its influencing factors by the means of nearest neighbor index,geographic concentration index,imbalanced index,and kernel density analysis.It's found that:1) From the perspective of spatial distribution type,traditional villages as a whole are more in the south of China and less in the north of China,showing a pattern of clustered distribution.2) From the perspective of spatial distribution equilibrium,traditional villages show an unbalanced distribution in space and have a high degree of concentration.3) From the perspective of spatial distribution density,traditional villages roughly form five major agglomeration areas:agglomeration area in the border area of ShanxiHebei-Henan,agglomeration area in the southeastern coast and its surrounding area,agglomeration area in the border area of Hunan-Guangxi-Guizhou,agglomeration area in the border area of Yunnan,and agglomeration area in the border area of Qinghai-Gansu.4)The distribution of traditional villages is influenced by natural,economic and social factors,among which natural factors mainly affect the location of traditional villages in the early stage,while economic and social factors play an important role in the preservation of traditional villages and the formation of their distribution pattern in the later stage.In view of the characteristics and causes of the spatial and temporal distribution of traditional villages,it proposes some development suggestions from the aspects of economic level,transportation conditions,policy environment and ethnic customs.

关 键 词：传统村落 民族风俗 自然因素 经济水平 村落保护 交通条件 政策环境 

分 类 号：K928.5[历史地理—人文地理学]