MFA微球悬浮液-硅溶胶后整理棉织物阻燃性能和机理分析  

Flame retardant properties and mechanisms of cotton fabrics finished by MFA microsphere suspension⁃silica sol systems

作　　者：周畅 尤飞 李丹[1,2] Zhou Chang;You Fei;Li Dan(College of Safety Science and Engineering,Nanjing)

机构地区：[1]南京工业大学安全科学与工程学院,江苏南京211816 [2]南京工业大学火灾与消防工程研究所,江苏南京211816

出　　处：《消防科学与技术》2023年第10期1428-1433,共6页Fire Science and Technology

基　　金：国家自然科学基金项目(50906039)。

摘　　要：以三聚氰胺(MEL)、甲醛(FM)和5-单磷酸腺苷(AMP)为原料通过缩合反应制备MFA微球,将其浸入海藻酸钠(SA,分散剂)溶液中形成SA-MFA悬浮液。以正硅酸四乙酯(TEOS)为前驱体通过脱水缩聚制备SiO2溶胶。通过浸渍-烘燥法依次将SA-MFA悬浮液和SiO2溶胶后整理于棉织物。通过扫描电镜(SEM)和傅里叶红外光谱(FTIR)分别表征后整理棉织物表面微观形貌和表面官能团,利用热重(TG)分析仪、极限氧指数(LOI)仪、锥形量热计(CC)和SEM分别表征后整理棉织物热解特性、可燃性、对火反应特性和LOI试验后残炭表面微观形貌。结果表明:较之原始棉织物,样品SA-MFA-SiO2@COT阻燃性能相对最优,其热解残炭率(46.39%)和LOI值(28.0%)分别提高520.18%和55.55%,其热释放速率峰值(PHRR,114.67 kW/m2)和总释放热(THR,5.09 MJ/m2)分别下降31.67%和37.35%。在燃烧过程中,MFA微球和SA受热分解促进棉纤维脱水炭化释放出NH_(3)、CO_(2)和H_(2)O等难燃性气体,吸热冷却和稀释可燃气体浓度;SiO_(2)凝胶涂层吸热缩聚,发挥物理屏障和结构支撑效应,阻挡热量、氧气和气态产物传递;成分间具有明显协同阻燃效应。MFA microspheres were prepared by condensation re-actions with melamine(MEL),formaldehyde(FM)and 5-adenos-ine monophosphate(AMP),and were immersed in a sodium algi-nate(SA,dispersant)solution to form a SA-MFA suspension.A SiO2 sol was prepared by dehydration polycondensations using tet-raethyl orthosilicate(TEOS)as a precursor.The SA-MFA sus-pension and SiO2 sol were coated into cotton fabrics successively by dipping-drying method.The surface morphology and func-tional groups of treated cotton fabrics were characterized by scan-ning electron microscopy(SEM)and Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy(FTIR),respectively.Thermogravimetry(TG),lim-iting oxygen index(LOI),cone calorimeter(CC)and SEM tech-niques were used to characterize the pyrolysis characteristics,flammability levels,reaction-to-fire characteristics and surface mi-croscopic morphologies of char residues after LOI tests of treated cotton fabrics.The results show that compared with the original cotton fabric,the flame retardant performance of SA-MFA-SiO2@COT is relatively optimal.Its char residue rate(46.39%)and LOI value(28.0%)values increase by 520.18%and 55.55%,peak heat release rate(PHRR,114.67 kW/m2)and total heat re-lease(THR,5.09 MJ/m2)values decrease by 31.67%and 37.35%,respectively.During a combustion process,MFA mi-crospheres and SA pyrolyze and promote the dehydration and car-bonization processes of cotton fibers to release non-flammable gases like NH_(3),CO_(2) and H_(2)O.Such processes can thus absorb heat and cool down,and dilute combustible gas concentrations.The SiO_(2) gel coating absorbs heat and further condenses,pro-vides a physical barrier and structural support effect,blocks the transfer of heat,oxygen and gaseous products.The components show obvious synergistic flame retardant effects.

关 键 词：棉织物 溶胶-凝胶法 二氧化硅凝胶涂层 MFA微球 极限氧指数 热释放速率 阻燃性能和机理 协同阻燃效应 

分 类 号：X932[环境科学与工程—安全科学] TS116[轻工技术与工程—纺织材料与纺织品设计]