不同植保施药器械的喷雾效果及对烟草赤星病的防效  

Spray performance and control efficacy on tobacco brown spot by different plant protection sprayers

作　　者：陈玉国[1] 姚晨虓 李洪亮[2] 杨晋燕 张玉林[4] 苗淑月 白静科 李成军[1] 董春浩 李淑君[1] 王志军 CHEN Yuguo;YAO Chenxiao;LI Hongliang;YANG Jinyan;ZHANG Yulin;MIAO Shuyue;BAI Jingke;LI Chengjun;DONG Chunhao;LI Shujun;WANG Zhijun(Tobacco Research Institute of Henan Academy of Agricultural Sciences,Key Laboratory for Green Preservation&Control of Tobacco Diseases and Pests in Growing Area,Xuchang 461000,Henan,China;Xiangcheng Branch of Xuchang Tobacco Company of Henan Province,Xiangcheng 461700,Henan,China;Sanmenxia Branch of Henan Provincial Tobacco Company,Sanmenxia 472000,Henan,China;Lushi Branch of Sanmenxia Tobacco Company of Henan Province,Lushi 472200,Henan,China)

机构地区：[1]河南省农业科学院烟草研究所烟草行业黄淮烟区烟草病虫害绿色防控重点实验室,河南省许昌市461000 [2]河南省烟草公司许昌市公司襄城县分公司,河南省许昌市461700 [3]河南省烟草公司三门峡市公司,河南省三门峡市472000 [4]河南省烟草公司三门峡市公司卢氏县分公司,河南省三门峡市472200

出　　处：《烟草科技》2023年第10期30-39,共10页Tobacco Science & Technology

基　　金：河南省烟草公司科技项目“河南省烟草主要病虫害预测预报及综合防治示范”(2020410000270011);“河南烟草病虫害绿色防控关键技术研究与应用”(201741000027063);“三门峡烟草主要病虫害精准监测与农残管控”(202041120020052);河南省农业科学院科技创新团队“烟草主要病虫害绿色防控关键技术”(2022TD26)。

摘　　要：为探究不同植保施药器械的喷雾效果和对烟草赤星病的防治效果,在烟田对背负式电动喷雾器与不同喷头组合和植保无人机在不同飞行高度喷施药液的雾化效果、作业效率及对烟草赤星病的防治效果进行评价。结果表明,背负式电动喷雾器与多连杆鱼骨式8喷头组合的药液附着率(68.33%)最高,药液在烟株上、中、下部叶片上均分布均匀,相比背负式电动喷雾器与圆锥空心双喷头组合可减药33.23%,相比背负式电动喷雾器与圆锥空心单喷头组合的绝对防效为18.52%,且以中挡位喷雾效果最佳。烟草旺长期至成熟期时,使用背负式电动喷雾器与多连杆鱼骨式8喷头组合和植保无人机在2.0 m飞行高度喷施药液,药液在烟叶上的雾滴分布均匀度和覆盖率分布均匀度均较高,平均雾滴粒径在125.00~148.30μm之间,均符合药剂喷雾防治烟草病害的最佳生物粒径标准,且对烟草赤星病具有较好的防治效果,相对防效分别达33.26%和29.36%,作业效率分别较背负式电动喷雾器与圆锥空心双喷头组合提高了1.20倍和36.24倍。To investigate the spraying effects of different plant protection sprayers on tobacco and their control efficacy on tobacco brown spot disease,the atomization performances,operating efficiencies and control effects by electric knapsack sprayers combined with different nozzles and a plant protection UAV spraying at different flying heights were evaluated in tobacco fields.The results showed that the electric knapsack sprayer combined with multi-link fishbone 8 nozzles had the highest drug liquid adhesion rate on tobacco,and the adhesion rate was 68.33%.The drug liquid was evenly distributed on the upper,middle and lower leaves of tobacco plants,and the consumption of the drug liquid was reduced by 33.23%as compared with the electric knapsack sprayer combined with conical hollow double nozzles.The absolute control efficacy was 18.52%as compared with the electric knapsack sprayer combined with conical hollow single nozzles,and the spraying effect was the best at the moderate gear.The electric knapsack sprayer combined with the multi-link fishbone 8 nozzles and the plant protection UAV spraying at a flying height of 2.0 m were used to spray the drug liquid for tobacco from fast growing stage to mature stage,and the droplet density distribution uniformity and coverage distribution uniformity of the liquid on tobacco leaves were the best with the average droplet particle size ranged from 125.00 to 148.30μm,which were in accordance with the best biological particle size range of pesticide spraying to prevent and control tobacco diseases.The control effect on tobacco brown spot was better with the relative control effect of 33.26%and 29.36%,respectively,and the operating efficiency was 1.20 and 36.24 times higher than that of electric knapsack sprayer combined with conical hollow double nozzles,respectively.

关 键 词：施药器械 喷头 植保无人机 雾化效果 烟草赤星病 防治效果 

分 类 号：S23[农业科学—农业机械化工程]