破坏海洋生态系统及保护区行为之法律责任研究——以《海洋环境保护法》为视角  

A Study on the Legal Responsibility of Destroying Marine Ecosystem and Protected Area: From the perspective of Marine Environment Protection Law

作　　者：邢嘉琪 裴兆斌[1] 李展 XING Jiaqi;PEI Zhaobin;LI Zhan(School of Marine Law and Humanities,Dalian Ocean University,Dalian 116023,China)

机构地区：[1]大连海洋大学海洋法律与人文学院,大连116023

出　　处：《海洋开发与管理》2023年第9期77-84,共8页Ocean Development and Management

基　　金：“新时代海洋强国背景下海洋法治人才培养体系创新与实践”(JG20DA003);“文农交叉融合视角下卓越海洋法治人才培养创新与实践研究”(辽教办[2021]133号);“世界变局中的国家海权一体化新形态在线课程建设研究与实践”(202101292002);“省属院校二级学院本科教学质量监控体系构建的研究与实践”(辽教办[2021]254号)。

摘　　要：随着我国实施改革开放政策的发展,工业化进程速度加快,社会经济发展对海洋空间利用和海洋自然资源的需求不断增加,同时给海洋环境和海洋生态系统带来了压力和挑战。目前,存在很多造成海洋生态系统及保护区破坏的行为,针对海洋生态系统及保护区的管控力度欠缺。为更好地保护海洋环境及资源,巩固加强海洋生态的稳定性,我国颁布了《中华人民共和国海洋环境保护法》(2017修正)。经过多次修订,基本规范了海洋环境保护方面的法律制度,但仍然存在许多法律问题,如以民事及行政法律责任为主、威慑力不足;赔偿额度难以确定、自由裁量权过大;刑事责任以产生实害结果为要件、惩罚过晚等。在此背景下,文章以《中华人民共和国海洋环境保护法》为切入点,分析造成海洋生态系统及保护区破坏行为的民事责任、行政责任及刑事责任,并提出提高罚款限额;细化具体赔偿额度、缩小距差;刑事责任增设危险犯的建议,为更好地打击破坏海洋生态环境的违法行为提供参考。With the development of the implementation of the Chinese economic reform,the pace of industrialization has accelerated,and the demand of social and economic development for the utilization of marine space and marine natural resources has been increasing,at the same time,it has brought pressure and challenge to the marine environment and marine ecosystem.At present,there are a lot of behaviors that damage marine ecosystems and protected areas,and the management and control of marine ecosystems and protected areas is not enough.In order to better protect the marine environment and resources and consolidate and strengthen the stability of the marine ecosystem,China has promulgated the Marine Environment Protection Law of the People’s Republic of China(as amended in 2017).After many revisions,the legal system of marine environmental protection has been basically standardized,but there are still many legal problems,such as civil and administrative legal responsibility,lack of deterrence,difficult to determine the amount of compensation,too much discretion.The criminal responsibility takes the actual harm result as the essential condition,punishes too late and so on.Based on the Marine Environment Protection Law of the People’s Republic of China,this paper analyzes the civil liability,administrative liability and criminal liability of the damage to marine ecosystem and protected area,and raises the limit of penalty.The suggestion of adding dangerous crime to criminal liability can provide reference for cracking down on the illegal acts that damage the marine ecological environment.

关 键 词：海洋环境保护法 海洋生态系统 民事法律责任 行政法律责任 刑事法律责任 

分 类 号：D9[政治法律—法学] P7[天文地球—海洋科学]