活化水灌溉对新疆嘎啦苹果生长、产量及品质的影响  

Effects of Aerated and Magnetized Irrigation Water on Growth,Yield and Fruit Quality of Gala Apple in Xinjiang

作　　者：魏雪松 穆卫谊[1] 王全九[1,2] 段晓显 孙燕 WEI Xuesong;MU Weiyi;WANG Quanjiu;DUAN Xiaoxian;SUN Yan(State Key Laboratory of Eco-hydraulics in Northwest Arid Region,Xi’an University of Technology,Xi’an 710048,China;School of Water Resources and Hydropower,Xi’an University of Technology,Xi’an 710048,China)

机构地区：[1]西安理工大学西北旱区生态水利国家重点实验室,西安710048 [2]西安理工大学水利水电学院,西安710048

出　　处：《灌溉排水学报》2023年第10期9-14,共6页Journal of Irrigation and Drainage

基　　金：自治区重大专项(2022A02003-3-4);国家自然科学基金重点项目(41830754);国家自然科学基金面上项目(52179042);兵团重大科技项目(2021AA003-2);中国工程院院地合作项目(202201SDZD01)。

摘　　要：【目的】探讨不同活化水灌溉对新疆嘎啦苹果生长、产量及品质的影响。【方法】基于大田试验,以淡水灌溉为对照(CK),研究磁化水(M)、增氧水(A)及磁化增氧水(MA)3种活化水灌溉对苹果生长、产量及品质的影响。【结果】3种活化水灌溉均显著提高了苹果生长、产量及品质指标。在生长指标方面,相比CK,MA处理对苹果最终新梢长度及果实大小的提升效果最优,分别提升了24.6%及61.4%,A处理对苹果叶面积指数的提升效果最优,增加了24.7%。在产量方面,相比CK,M、A、MA处理下的苹果产量显著增加了19.2%~35.5%。其中,MA处理下的产量最高,达到37 239.93 kg/hm^(2)。在品质方面,与CK相比,M、A、MA处理下的果实硬度、可溶性固形物量、可溶性糖量及Vc量分别增加了4.5%~7.9%、13.9%~15.98%、6.6%~28.2%、15%~19.7%,可滴定酸量降低了7.08%~18.35%。以上品质指标均以MA处理为最佳。【结论】推荐在新疆地区采用磁化增氧水对苹果进行灌溉,可有效促进苹果生长,达到提质、增产的目的。【Objective】Pre-treating water prior to irrigation is an innovative technology increasingly used in modern irrigation.This paper compares the effect of irrigation using aerated(A)and magnetized(M)water on growth,yield and fruit quality of Gala apple in Xinjiang province.【Method】The experiment was conducted in an apple orchard,with freshwater irrigation treated as the control(CK).In each treatment,we measured the growth of the apple in different growth stages,as well as its ultimate fruit yield and quality.【Result】All irrigations significantly improved growth,fruit yield and quality of the apple.Compared with CK,aeration combined with magnetization increased the final shoot length and fruit size by 24.6%and 61.4%,respectively,while aerating the water alone increased leaf area index by 24.7%.Compared to CK,Magnetization and aeration working separately or in combination increased fruit yield by 19.2%~35.5%;their combination increased the fruit yield up to 37239.93 kg/hm^(2).Compared with CK,magnetization and aeration working alone or in combination increased fruit hardness,soluble solid content,soluble sugar and Vc contents by 4.5%~7.9%,13.9%~15.98%,6.6%~28.2%and 15%~19.7%,respectively,and reduced detectable acid by 7.08%~18.35%.On average,magnetization-aeration combination was most effective in improving fruit yield and quality.【Conclusion】Irrigating the apple using the combination of magnetized and oxygenated water in Xinjiang can promote apple growth and improve its fruit yield and quality.

关 键 词：活化水 新疆 苹果 生长 产量品质 

分 类 号：S275.9[农业科学—农业水土工程]