旋转折射式喷头移动喷洒水量分布计算模型构建与应用  

Construction and Application of Water Distribution Model for Rotary Refractive Sprinkler Spray Head Mobile System

作　　者：薛绍鹏 葛茂生[1,2] 魏福强 张骞文 张廷宁 XUE Shaopeng;GE Maosheng;WEI Fuqiang;ZHANG Qianwen;ZHANG Tingning(College of Water Resources and Architectural Engineering,Northwest A&F University,Yangling 712100,China;Key Laboratory of Agricultural Soil and Water Engineering in Arid and Semiarid Areas,Ministry of Education,Northwest A&F University,Yangling 712100,China)

机构地区：[1]西北农林科技大学水利与建筑工程学院,陕西杨凌712100 [2]西北农林科技大学旱区农业水土工程教育部重点实验室,陕西杨凌712100

出　　处：《灌溉排水学报》2023年第10期46-56,共11页Journal of Irrigation and Drainage

基　　金：国家自然科学基金面上项目(52279045);陕西省青年科技新星项目(2023KJXX-011)。

摘　　要：【目的】探讨旋转折射式喷头移动喷洒水力特性,优化喷灌机组运行参数和配置。【方法】采用喷灌强度等效拉伸法,构建了基于一次正交多项式拟合的移动喷洒水量分布计算模型,应用该模型对R3000、S3000、O3000喷头进行模拟计算,分析了工作压力(50~150 kPa)、移动速度(20~45 m/h)和组合间距(1.2~6 m)对3种喷头移动喷洒水量分布和均匀度的影响。【结果】①模型计算结果与实测值偏差在5%以内,模型精度较高。②R3000、S3000、O3000喷头移动降水深随距喷头距离的增加而减小,3种喷头移动喷洒均匀度较固定喷洒分别提高11.17%、10.72%和2.36%。③随着工作压力的增大,R3000、S3000、O3000喷头的有效喷灌半径逐渐增大,降水均匀度呈先增大后减小的趋势,最大降低幅度达35.66%,平均降水深和均匀度随移动速度的增大逐渐降低,但3种喷头喷洒均匀度的平均变化幅度仅为0.59%、1.38%、0.99%,说明移动速度对均匀度的影响较小。随着组合间距的不断增大,均匀度呈波动下降的趋势。④考虑工作压力和组合间距双因素影响,R3000、S3000、O3000喷头在低组合间距和高工作压力范围内取得较高的移动喷洒均匀度,在150 kPa/3.6 m、150 kPa/2.4 m、130 kPa/3.6 m的工作压力/组合间距配置组合条件下,喷洒均匀度最高。【结论】等效拉伸法降低了模型构建过程中的拟合次数,提高了计算精度;增大工作压力和降低组合间距有助于提高喷头移动喷洒均匀度。【Objective】Refractive sprinkler spray head mobile irrigation is a widely used irrigation system.In this paper,we proposed a model to calculate its water distribution and hydraulic characteristics for helping optimize its operating parameters and configuration.【Method】We used the sprinkler intensity equivalent stretching method and constructed a mobile sprinkler water distribution model based on the primary orthogonal polynomial fitting.The model was then applied to the R3000,S3000 and O3000 rotary refractive sprinkler head systems to analyze their water distribution under working pressure ranging from 50 to 150 kPa,moving speed from 20 to 45 m/h,sprinkler spacing from 1.2 to 8.4 m.【Result】①The water depth of all three systems decreased with the increase in sprinkler distance.Compared with a fixed system,the three mobile systems increased spraying uniformity by 2.36%to 11.17%.②With the increase in working pressure,the effective spraying radius of the R3000,S3000 and O3000 systems gradually increased,while their spraying uniformity increasing first followed by a fall.The average water depth and distribution uniformity of the mobile systems decreased with the increase in moving speed,albeit the change was small ranging from 0.59%to 1.38%for the three systems.With the increase in sprinkler distance,the average water depth and the spraying uniformity decreased in a fluctuating way.③Considering the influence of working pressure and sprinkler spacing,the R3000,S3000 and O3000 gave the highest spraying uniformity when the working pressure/distance was 150 kPa/3.6 m,150 kPa/2.4 m and 130 kPa/3.6 m,respectively.【Conclusion】The equivalent stretching method reduces the number of fittings in model construction and improves modelling accuracy.Increasing working pressure or reducing sprinkler spacing can improve spraying uniformity.

关 键 词：低压喷头 水量分布 均匀度 移动喷洒 数学模型 组合间距 

分 类 号：S275.5[农业科学—农业水土工程]