黑龙江扎龙保护区半散养丹顶鹤迁徙特征  

Migration of Semi-free-ranging Red-crowned Cranes in Zhalong National Nature Reserve,Heilongjiang Province

作　　者：武陶陶 高忠燕 钱法文[1] 郭学媛 王梓璇 Wu Taotao;Gao Zhongyan;Qian Fawen;Guo Xueyuan;Wang Zixuan(National Birds Banding Center of China,Key Laboratory of Biodiversity Conservation of National Forestry and Grassland Administration,Ecology and Nature Conservation Institute,Chinese Academy of Forestry,Beijing 100091,China;Management Bureau of Zhalong National Natural Reserve,Heilongjiang Province,Qiqihar 161002,China;Key Laboratory of Forest Ecology and Environment of National Forestry and Grassland Administration,Ecology and Nature Conservation Institute,Chinese Academy of Forestry,Beijing 100091,China)

机构地区：[1]中国林业科学研究院森林生态环境与自然保护研究所,生物多样性保护国家林业和草原局重点实验室,全国鸟类环志中心,北京100091 [2]黑龙江省扎龙国家级自然保护区管理局,齐齐哈尔161002 [3]中国林业科学研究院森林生态环境与自然保护研究所,国家林业和草原局森林生态环境重点实验室,北京100091

出　　处：《陆地生态系统与保护学报》2023年第4期54-65,共12页Terrestrial Ecosystem and Conservation

基　　金：阿拉善SEE基金会资助项目“丹顶鹤迁徙路线卫星跟踪与重要栖息地调查”(SEE-B-3600)。

摘　　要：【目的】通过卫星跟踪了解半散养丹顶鹤(Grus japonensis)的迁徙路线,为丹顶鹤及其栖息地保护和管理提供科学依据。【方法】基于黑龙江扎龙国家级自然保护区半散养丹顶鹤的数据,通过绘制迁徙路线图、划分中途停歇地类型、定义丹顶鹤迁徙参数并采用双因素方差分析,确定丹顶鹤的迁徙路线、重要中途停歇地、迁徙时长、停歇次数、停歇时长、迁徙距离、迁徙节段距离及其个体差异。【结果】半散养丹顶鹤在中国东部地区的迁徙路线涉及黑龙江、吉林、内蒙古、辽宁、河北、山东和江苏7个省区;丹顶鹤迁徙距离在个体水平中差异极显著(P=0.004),其余迁徙参数在个体和季节水平中均无显著性差异;发现的6处重要中途停歇地分别是黑龙江省齐齐哈尔市的宁姜水库、大庆市的北兴泡子,内蒙古自治区科尔沁左翼中旗宝龙山镇的小额伦索克嘎查,辽宁省沈阳市新民市周坨子镇的东炮台子村、盘锦市辽河口国家级自然保护区以及山东省东营市的黄河三角洲国家级自然保护区。【结论】半散养丹顶鹤的迁徙路线与野生丹顶鹤的大陆西部种群的迁徙路线基本一致,个体间不同年份越冬栖息地选择的差异对于丹顶鹤迁徙距离具有极显著影响;丹顶鹤的部分重要中途停歇地和游荡期间的觅食地位于保护地体系之外,需要加强监管和保护。【Objective】Satellite tracking was used to understand the migration routes of Red-crowned Crane(Grus japonensis),so as to provide a scientific basis for the habitat protection and management of Red-crowned Crane.【Method】Based on the satellite tracking data of semi-free-ranging individuals in Zhalong National Nature Reserve,Heilongjiang Province,we determined the migration routes,important stopover sites,migration duration,number of stops,stopover duration,migration distance,segment distance and individual differences by drawing the migration route map,dividing the types of stopovers,defining the migration parameters and using two-way ANOVA.【Result】The migration routes of semi-free-ranging Red-crowned Cranes in eastern China involved seven provinces and regions of Heilongjiang,Jilin,Inner Mongolia,Liaoning,Hebei,Shandong and Jiangsu.Migration distance of Red-crowned Cranes was significantly different at individual level(P=0.004),while other migration parameters were not significantly different at individual level and seasonal level.The six important stopover sites were Ningjiang Reservoir in Qiqihar City and Beixing Bubbles in Daqing City of Heilongjiang Province,Xiao’erlun Suo’erge Qi in Baolongshan Town,Horqin,Inner Mongolia Autonomous Region,Dongpaotaizi Village in Zhoutuozi Town,Xinmin City,Shenyang City and Liaohekou National Nature Reserve in Panjin City of Liaoning Province,Yellow River Delta National Nature Reserve in Dongying City of Shandong Province.【Conclusion】The migration route of semi-free-ranging Red-crowned Cranes was basically the same as that of the western population of Red-crowned Crane,individual differences of winter habitat selection in different years had a significant impact on the migration distance of Red-crowned Cranes.Part of the important stopover sites and foraging sites during wandering of Red-crowned Cranes were still outside the protected area,which need to be strengthened supervision and protection.

关 键 词：卫星跟踪 半散养 丹顶鹤 迁徙路线 重要中途停歇地 

分 类 号：S718.63[农业科学—林学]