基于单相无刷直流电机的高效全速域无位置控制策略  

High-Efficiency Full-Speed Domain Sensorless Control Strategy Based on Single-Phase Brushless DC Motor

作　　者：郝振洋[1] 张嘉文 杨健 曹鑫[1] 张雅 Hao Zhenyang;Zhang Jiawen;Yang Jian;Cao Xin;Zhang Ya(College of Automation Engineering Nanjing University of Aeronautics&Astronautics,Nanjing 211106 China)

机构地区：[1]南京航空航天大学自动化学院,南京211106

出　　处：《电工技术学报》2023年第20期5444-5457,共14页Transactions of China Electrotechnical Society

基　　金：国家自然科学基金(52077100);航空科学资金(201958052001)资助项目。

摘　　要：以单相无刷直流电机(SPBLDC)控制系统为研究对象,针对小型风机位置传感器安装受限等问题,提出基于单相无刷直流电机的高效全速域无位置控制策略,该策略通过单相I/f电流幅值与功率因数补偿相结合的控制方法实现。通过构建SPBLDC的小信号模型,根据小信号根轨迹分析法,分别对单相I/f电流幅值控制以及单相I/f电流幅值与功率因数补偿相结合控制方法下系统全速域稳态及动态调速过程进行稳定性分析,选取了合适的升速斜率,理论分析了该控制策略能够提高电机运行效率,同时保证系统全速域均具备良好的稳定性能。在Matlab/Simulink环境中仿真验证该控制策略下系统全速域均高效运行于最大转矩/电流比状态,电机转速、电流收敛性能及稳定性均有提升。最后,实验验证了该控制策略的有效性及工程应用的可行性。This study focuses on the single-phase brushless DC motor(SPBLDC).The small DC fan has some problems,such as the complex installation of position sensors,low reliability under high&low temperatures,and low operating efficiency.Therefore,this paper proposes a control strategy based on power factor compensation based on the traditional I/f current amplitude control.By controlling the back electromotive force(EMF)and the current vector of SPBLDC in the same direction,the SPBLDC can operate at the optimal power factor state,thereby improving the operating efficiency and stability of the system.The methods of this paper are as follows.In the single-phase motor H-bridge inverter topology,the voltage and current of the single-phase winding under vector control are approximately sinusoidal functions.The back EMF of the single-phase motor is a rotating space vector.In order to reflect and analyze the phase and amplitude relationship of single-phase winding voltage,current and back EMF in the rotating coordinate system more intuitively and realize the high-precision and high-performance vector control.The space rotation coordinate system of the single-phase motor is then constructed.The single-phase winding voltage and current are equivalent to the space vector.According to the three different phase relations between the current and the back EMF,a power factor compensation control strategy is proposed based on the traditional I/f current amplitude control.Assume that the voltage amplitude of the inverter when the motor operates at the optimal power factor is the ideal voltage amplitude.To make the back electromotive force and current converge in the same direction,the ideal voltage amplitude is subtracted from the instantaneous output voltage of the inverter.Afterward,the given current amplitude is adjusted through a PI controller to reduce the current amplitude and allow the motor to operate at the maximum torque/current ratio.Based on the spatial rotation coordinate system,the small signal model of SPBLDC is constructed.

关 键 词：单相无刷直流电机 无位置传感器控制 单相I/f电流幅值控制 功率因数补偿 小 信号分析 

分 类 号：TM351[电气工程—电机]