北非重要矿产资源时空分布与典型矿床地质特征  

Spatial-temporal distribution and typical geological features of important mineral resources in North Africa

作　　者：张鑫刚[1] 曾国平 贾儒雅[1] Zhang Xingang;Zeng Guoping;Jia Ruya(Development and Research Center,China Geological Survey,Beijing 100037;Wuhan Center,China Geological Survey(Central South China Innovation Center for Geosciences),Wuhan 430205)

机构地区：[1]中国地质调查局发展研究中心,北京100037 [2]中国地质调查局武汉地质调查中心(中南地质科技创新中心),武汉430205

出　　处：《地质科学》2023年第4期1554-1570,共17页Chinese Journal of Geology(Scientia Geologica Sinica)

基　　金：中国地质调查局项目(编号:DD20230122)资助。

摘　　要：北非地处冈瓦纳与特提斯两大构造域的交汇部位,经历了泛非、海西和阿尔卑斯等多期造山运动,构造、岩浆、变质、热液活动剧烈,为成矿作用创造了优越的地质条件,形成了丰富的金、铜、磷、铁、铬、铅锌、银、铌钽等矿产资源。通过对已有研究成果的梳理总结,发现北非地区最重要且最集中的矿床类型为花岗伟晶岩型矿床、造山带型金银多金属矿床、沉积型磷矿床、MVT型铅锌矿床以及VMS型铜锌金矿床。空间上分布阿特拉斯褶皱带和努比亚造山带,呈现聚集分布的特征。除沉积型矿床成矿时代集中在中生代以外,其他类型矿床主要形成于新元古代。区内典型矿床中,造山型金矿主要与泛非构造运动有关,沉积型磷矿主要受控于海相沉积环境,锡铌钽等稀有金属成矿主要与新元古代晚期花岗伟晶岩密切相关。North Africa is located at the intersection of Gondwana and Tethys tectonic domains.It has experienced multi-period orogeny,such as Pan-African,Hercynian and Alpine orogeny,with intense tectonic,magmatic,metamorphic and hydrothermal activities,creating superior geological conditions for mineralization and forming rich mineral resources such as gold,copper,phosphorus,iron,chromium,lead zinc,silver,niobium and tantalum.Through combing and summarizing the existing research results,it is found that the most important and concentrated deposit types in North Africa are granite pegmatite type deposit,orogenic belt type gold silver polymetallic deposit,sedimentary phosphorus deposit,MVT type lead-zinc deposit and VMS type copper zinc gold deposit.The atlas fold belt and Nubia orogenic belt are spatially distributed,showing the characteristics of aggregation distribution.In addition to sedimentary deposits,which were concentrated in the Mesozoic,other types of deposits were mainly formed in the Neoproterozoic.Among the typical deposits in the area,orogenic gold deposits are mainly related to Pan-African tectonic movement,sedimentary phosphorus deposits are mainly controlled by marine sedimentary environment,and rare metal mineralization such as tin,niobium and tantalum is closely related to Late Neoproterozoic granitic pegmatite.

关 键 词：北非 重要矿床 地质特征 时空分布特征 

分 类 号：P617[天文地球—矿床学]