沿淮稻麦轮作区有机肥部分替代化肥对水稻产量、养分利用率的影响  

Effects of partial substitution of organic fertilizer for chemical fertilizer on rice yield and nutrient utilization efficiency in rice-wheat rotation area along Huaihe River

作　　者：吴中原 江鑫鑫 方俊超 李孝良 WU Zhongyuan;JIANG Xinxin;FANG Junchao;LI Xiaoliang(College of Resource and Environmental,Anhui Science and Technology University,Fengyang 233100,China;Anhui Province Agricultural Waste Fertilizer Utilization and Cultivated Land Quality Improvement Engineering Research Center,Fengyang 233100,China)

机构地区：[1]安徽科技学院资源与环境学院,安徽凤阳233100 [2]安徽省农业废弃物肥料化利用与耕地质量提升工程研究中心,安徽凤阳233100

出　　处：《安徽科技学院学报》2023年第5期32-39,共8页Journal of Anhui Science and Technology University

基　　金：国家重点研发计划(2022YFD2301402-3,2018YFD0300901-2);安徽省科技攻关重大专项(201903a06020001);农业农村部重点实验室开放课题(BOFA202011)。

摘　　要：目的:在化肥减量增效、有机肥替代化肥的背景下,通过分析有机肥替代化肥对水稻产量及养分利用的影响,建立沿淮稻麦轮作区水稻有机肥替代化肥技术模式。方法:采用田间试验,研究空白对照(CK)、化肥(NPK)、纯有机肥(OF)、有机替代10%N(OF10)、有机替代20%N(OF20)和有机替代30%N(OF30)对沿淮稻麦轮作区水稻产量、养分吸收效率的影响。结果:适宜的有机肥替代化肥比例可通过提高千粒重和有效穗数增加水稻产量,其中OF30组的水稻千粒重、有效穗数和产量较CK提高了10.1%、47.0%、79.8%。OF10、OF20、OF30相较于NPK处理产量分别提高了5.2%、5.9%、16.6%。有机肥的配施可提高水稻植株的N、P、K含量,改良水稻生育期营养状况,OF30处理中水稻灌浆期至成熟期地上部植株N、P、K吸收量占水稻整个生育期地上部植株N、P、K积累总量的比例较NPK处理提高了7.0%、0.7%和1.1%。与NPK处理相比,OF30处理中化肥利用率以及肥料农学利用效率、偏生产力均呈上升趋势;其中水稻吸氮总量、吸磷总量、吸钾总量分别提高了24.7%、4.1%、6.0%,总氮利用率、总磷利用率、总钾利用率分别提高了49.0%、8.8%、15.7%。结论:从增加水稻产量、提高肥料利用效率角度考虑,沿淮稻麦轮作区水稻田间养分管理模式以有机替代30%N处理较为适宜。Objective:Under the background of chemical fertilizer reduction with efficiency increase and organic fertilizer instead of chemical fertilizer,by analyzing the effect of organic fertilizer instead of chemical fertilizer on rice yield and nutrient utilization,the technical model of rice organic fertilizer instead of chemical fertilizer in rice-wheat rotation area along Huaihe River was established.Methods:Field experiments were conducted to study the effects of blank control(CK),chemical fertilizer(NPK),pure Manure(OF),organic substitution 10%N(OF10),organic substitution 20%N(OF20)and organic substitution 30%N(OF30)on rice yield and nutrient absorption efficiency in rice wheat rotation areas along the Huaihe River.Results:The appropriate proportion of organic fertilizer instead of chemical fertilizer can increase rice yield by increasing 1000-grain weight and effective panicle number.For OF30,the 1000-grain weight,effective panicle number and yield of rice increased by 10.1%,47.0%and 79.8%compared with those with CK treatment.Fertilization can increase 1000-grain weight,effective panicle number and yield of rice.Compared with NPK treatment,the yield of OF10,OF20 and OF30 increased by 5.2%,5.9%and 16.6%,respectively.The combined application of organic fertilizer can increase the content of N,P and K in rice plants and improve the nutritional status of rice during the growth period.In the OF30 treatment,the proportion of N,P and K nutrient uptake of the above-ground plants from the filling stage to the mature stage to the total N,P and K accumulation of the above-ground plants in the whole growth period of rice increased by 7.0%,0.7%and 1.1%compared with the NPK treatment.Compared with NPK treatment,the fertilizer use efficiency,fertilizer agronomic use efficiency and partial productivity in OF30 treatment showed an upward trend.Among them,the total nitrogen uptake,total phosphorus uptake and total potassium uptake of rice increased by 24.7%,4.1%and 6.0%,respectively,and the total nitrogen utilization rate,total pho

关 键 词：水稻 养分利用 产量 有机替代 

分 类 号：S852.3[农业科学—基础兽医学]