DNTF基层状复合温压装药爆炸过程及能量释放特性  

Explosion Process and Energy Release Characteristics of DNTF-based Layered Composite Thermobaric Charges

作　　者：沈飞 李凌峰[2] 王辉 余文力[1] 王煊军 SHEN Fei;LI Ling-feng;WANG Hui;YU Wen-li;WANG Xuan-jun(Rocket Force University of Engineering,Xi′an 71025,China;Xi′an Modern Chemistry Research Institute,Xi′an 71065,China)

机构地区：[1]火箭军工程大学,陕西西安710025 [2]西安近代化学研究所,陕西西安710065

出　　处：《含能材料》2023年第10期1041-1048,共8页Chinese Journal of Energetic Materials

摘　　要：为探究3,4-二硝基呋咱基氧化呋咱(DNTF)对层状复合温压装药爆炸释能过程的影响,制备了外层装药具有不同铝粉含量(60%~94%)和不同DNTF含量(0~40%)的多种双层复合装药,采用密闭罐体进行了氮气与空气环境下的爆炸试验,并基于准静态压力与有效机械能的关联性,获得了装药在不同反应阶段的输出能量,同时结合爆炸火球的演变,分析了不同装药的铝粉后燃烧过程。结果表明,当外层装药的DNTF为40%时,其被冲击分散后,散布的DNTF颗粒极易点火并迅速增长,提升了铝粉无氧燃烧速率与云团边缘铝粉有氧燃烧速率,爆轰及无氧燃烧释放的机械能之和比同组分均匀装药提升12%;当外层装药中的DNTF由同比例的聚四氟乙烯(PTFE)替代时,铝粉抛撒后的燃烧速率大幅降低,与外层装药含DNTF的复合装药相比,释放的总机械能下降约22%,冲击波超压、温度也下降显著;当外层装药全部为铝粉时,高浓度的铝粉云团发生持续时间长且剧烈的有氧燃烧,释放的总机械能下降仅为5%,但爆轰及无氧燃烧释放的机械能之和却下降32%,冲击波超压峰值下降幅度较大。可见,复合装药外层中的DNTF组分对于提升铝粉云团的燃烧速率及爆炸早期的能量释放速率具有重要作用。In order to explore the effect of 3,4-dinitrofurazan(DNTF)on the explosive energy release process of layered composite thermobaric charges,various double-layer composite charges were prepared,with the content of aluminum powder in the outer charge adjusted from 60% to 94%,and the content of DNTF adjusted from 40%to 0.Then,explosion tests were carried out in a closed tank under nitrogen and air environment.Based on the correlation between quasi-static pressure and effective mechanical energy,the released energy of charges at different reaction stages was obtained.Moreover,the afterburning process of aluminum powder from different charges was analyzed according to the evolution of fireball.The results reveal that the dispersed DNTF particles are easy to be ignited and grow rapidly after being shock-dispersed when the mass fractions of DNTF in the outer charge is 40%,which can improve the anaerobic combustion rate of aluminum powder and the aerobic combustion rate of aluminum powder at the edge of the cloud,thus the combined mechanical energy released during detonation and anaerobic combustion is raised 12% than that of the homogeneous charge with same composition.Whereas,when the DNTF in the outer charge is replaced by polytetrafluoroethylene(PTFE)in the same proportion,the combustion rate after dispersal is significantly reduced as well as shock wave overpressure and temperature,and the total mechanical energy released decreased by about 22% than composite charge containing DNTF in its outer layer.Moreover,when the outer charge is all replaced by aluminum powder,intensely aerobic combustion with longer duration will occur in the high-concentration aluminum powder cloud,the total mechanical energy released drops by only 5%,while the combined mechanical energy released by detonation and anaerobic combustion drops by 32%,and the peak shock wave overpressure has a considerable reduction.The above indicates that DNTF in the outer layer of the composite charge plays an important role in enhancing the combustion rate of

关 键 词：复合温压装药 3 4-二硝基呋咱基氧化呋咱(DNTF) 内爆炸 准静态压力 爆炸火球 能量 

分 类 号：TJ55[兵器科学与技术—军事化学与烟火技术] O389[理学—流体力学]