安全弹药的发展思路与技术途径  

Development Ideas and Technical Approaches for Safety Ammunition

作　　者：黄辉[1,3] 黄亨建[2,3] 王杰 陈红霞[2,3] 韩勇[2,3] 柴传国 HUANG Hui;HUANG Heng-jian;WANG Jie;CHEN Hong-xia;HAN Yong;CHAI Chuan-guo(China Academy of Engnieering Physics,Mianyang 621999,China;Institute of Chemical Materials of CAEP,Mianyang 621999,China;Safety Ammunition Center of CAEP,Mianyang 621999,China)

机构地区：[1]中国工程物理研究院,四川绵阳621999 [2]中国工程物理研究院化工材料研究所,四川绵阳621999 [3]中国工程物理研究院安全弹药研发中心,四川绵阳621999

出　　处：《含能材料》2023年第10期1079-1087,共9页Chinese Journal of Energetic Materials

基　　金：国家自然科学基金(2140316)。

摘　　要：武器弹药的安全问题十分重要,关乎装备的生存力和战斗力。弹药面对的复杂恶劣环境,对弹药安全性提出更高要求,发展安全弹药是必由之路。弹药安全性主要取决于固有安全性和安全性增强技术。不敏感炸药是提高弹药固有安全性的关键途径,装药和结构增强与防护是提高弹药安全性的重要手段。为满足弹药高毁伤威力和安全性要求,需要从炸药的分子、晶体、混合体系等多尺度结构上平衡协调炸药高能量与不敏感之间的突出矛盾;装药结构、弹体弱链结构和防护增强等安全性增强技术可有效控制弹药装药意外点火和反应烈度及其演化,进一步提高弹药在异常环境及事故条件下的安全性。为此,提出了安全弹药系统设计思路与技术方法:加强不敏感炸药多尺度材料设计与性能调控基础,补齐装药结构与防护增强及装药异外点火反应控制短板,探索发展材料—结构—功能一体化设计。The safety issues of weapons and ammunition are essential that they matter the survivability and effectiveness of weaponry.The complex and harsh enviroments faced by ammunition lead to the high requirment of ammunition safety that the development of safe ammunition is the only way.Ammunition safety mainly depends on inherent safety and safety enhancement technology.Using insensitive explosives is the key way to improve the inherent safety of ammunition,while the enhancement and protection of charge and structure are important means to improve ammunition safety.In order to meet the requirements of high damage power and safety of ammunition,it is necessary to balance and coordinate the prominent contradiction between high energy and insensitivity of explosives from the multi-scale structures,such as molecules,crystals and mixed systems of explosives.Safety enhancement technologies such as charge structures,weak link structurse of projectiles and protection enhancements can effectively control the accidental ignition,reaction violence and evolution ammunition charges,and furthermore improve the safety of ammunition under abnormal environment and accident conditions.Therefore,the design ideas and technicalapproches for safety ammunition systems were proposed,including strengthening the foundation of multi-scale material design and performance control of insensitive explosives,complementing the shortcomings of charge structures,protection enhancement,and accidental ignition and reaction control,and exploring and developing the integrated design of material,-structure-and function.

关 键 词：安全弹药 不敏感炸药 固有安全性 结构增强 一体化设计 

分 类 号：TJ55[兵器科学与技术—军事化学与烟火技术] O69[理学—化学] TQ560.71[化学工程—炸药化工]