减量施氮间作豆科绿肥压青对甘蔗农艺性状及产质量的影响  

Effects of Reduced Nitrogen Fertilization and Intercropping Legume Returning as Green Manure on Sugarcane Agronomic Characters,Yield and Quality

作　　者：莫璋红 谢金兰 林丽 李长宁 覃宁 潘红春 黄应设 陈荣发 莫善平 MO Zhanghong;XIE Jinlan;LIN Li;LI Changning;QIN Ning;PAN Hongchun;HUANG Yingshe;CHEN Rongfa;MO Shanping(Sugarcane Research Institute,Guangxi Academy of Agricultural Sciences/Guangxi Key Laboratory of Sugarcane Genetic Improvement/Key Laboratory of Sugarcane Biotechnology and Genetic Improvement(Guangxi),Ministry of Agriculture&Rural Affairs,Nanning Guangxi 530007;Guangxi Nanning East Asia Sugar Group,Chongzuo Guangxi 532200)

机构地区：[1]广西壮族自治区农业科学院甘蔗研究所/广西甘蔗遗传改良重点实验室/农业农村部广西甘蔗生物技术与遗传改良重点实验室,广西南宁530007 [2]广西南宁东亚糖业集团,广西崇左532200

出　　处：《现代农业科技》2023年第20期38-42,46,共6页Modern Agricultural Science and Technology

基　　金：广西农业科学院基本科研业务专项(桂农科2021YT09);广西自然科学基金(2021GXNSFAA196041、2021GXNSFDA196004、2019GXNSFDA185004);广西甘蔗遗传改良重点实验室运行补助项目系统性课题(21-238-16-A-03-01)。

摘　　要：试验设置2个施氮水平(纯N 472.5、236.3 kg/hm^(2))和3种种植模式(甘蔗单作、甘蔗/大豆间作压青、甘蔗/绿豆间作压青),研究减量施氮间作豆科绿肥压青对甘蔗农艺性状、产量及品质的影响。结果表明:在土壤氮水平较高的条件下,减量施氮对甘蔗生长及产量没有影响,相反,氮肥减量处理甘蔗平均产量比常规施氮量处理增产13590 kg/hm^(2)。氮肥减量可提高甘蔗蔗糖分含量,氮肥减量处理平均蔗糖分含量比常规施氮量处理提高1.02百分点。甘蔗间作绿豆压青可促进甘蔗生长,甘蔗产量比甘蔗单作增产10.27%,而甘蔗间作大豆压青对甘蔗生长有一定影响,甘蔗产量比甘蔗单作甘蔗减产1.45%。甘蔗间作豆科绿肥压青有利于甘蔗蔗糖分积累,间作绿豆压青比甘蔗单作蔗糖分含量提高0.88百分点,间作大豆压青比甘蔗单作蔗糖分含量提高0.59百分点。综合甘蔗农艺性状、产量、甘蔗蔗糖分含量、经济效益等方面分析,以甘蔗/绿豆间作且氮肥减量50%处理最优。Two nitrogen application levels(pure nitrogen 472.5 kg/hm^(2),pure nitrogen 236.3 kg/hm^(2))and three planting patterns(sugarcane monoculture,sugarcane/soybean intercropping and sugarcane/mung bean intercropping)were set to study the effects of reduced nitrogen fertilization and intercropping legume returning as green manure on sugarcane agronomic characters,yield and quality.The results showed that under the condition of high soil nitrogen level,the reduced nitrogen application had no effect on sugarcane growth and yield.On the contrary,the average sugarcane yield increased by 13590 kg/hm^(2)under the reduced nitrogen application compared with the conventional nitrogen application.Nitrogen reduction could increase sucrose content of sugarcane,and the average sucrose content of nitrogen reduction treatment was 1.02 percentage points higher than that of conventional nitrogen application treatment.Sugarcane/mung bean intercropping could promote sugarcane growth,sugarcane yield increased by 10.27%compared with sugarcane monoculture,while sugarcane/soybean intercropping had a certain effect on sugarcane growth,sugarcane yield decreased by 1.45%compared with sugarcane monoculture.Intercropping legume returning as green manure was conducive to sucrose accumulation.The sucrose content of sugarcane/mung bean intercropping was 0.89 percentage points higher than that of sugarcane monoculture.The sucrose content of sugarcane/soybean intercropping was 0.30 percentage points higher than that of sugarcane monoculture.Based on the analysis of sugarcane agronomic characters,yield,sucrose content and economic benefits,sugarcane/mung bean intercropping+50%reduction in nitrogen fertilizer was the best treatment.

关 键 词：甘蔗 氮水平 种植模式 豆科绿肥间作 产量 品质 

分 类 号：S566.1[农业科学—作物学]