足篮排三大球运动员膝关节屈伸肌生物力学特征对比分析  

A Comparative Biomechanical Analysis of Knee Joint Flexor and Extensor Muscles in Athletes from Soccer,Basketball,and Volleyball

作　　者：马旭超 满喜[1] Ma Xuchao;Man Xi(Institute of Physical Education,Inner Mongolia Normal University,Hohhot 010022,China)

机构地区：[1]内蒙古师范大学体育学院,内蒙古呼和浩特010022

出　　处：《体育科技文献通报》2023年第9期233-237,共5页Bulletin of Sport Science & Technology

基　　金：内蒙古自治区自然科学基金项目(项目编号:2021 MS03018);内蒙古师范大学高层次人才科研启动经费项目(项目编号:2019YJRC060)。

摘　　要：目的:探究三大球不同项目运动员两侧膝关节等速向心屈伸的运动生物力学差异,为教练员与练习者在开展不同项目训练时有针对性地提高膝关节屈伸肌的肌肉力量提供理论依据。方法:采用多关节等速肌力测试与训练系统,对内蒙古师范大学体育学院30名三大球(足篮排)运动员(国家二级及以上)双侧膝关节等速向心屈伸进行运动生物力学测试,分析三大球运动员两侧膝关节等速肌力的生物力学特征。对三大球运动员两侧膝关节屈伸肌群等速向心收缩各指标进行单因素方差分析,对同一项目优势侧与非优势侧膝关节屈伸肌群等速向心收缩各指标进行配对样本T检验(P<0.05为差异性显著,P<0.01为差异性极显著)。结论:①在相同角速度下,排球运动员两侧膝关节屈伸肌群峰力矩大于足球运动员(P<0.01),排球运动员两侧膝关节伸肌峰力矩大于篮球运动员(P<0.01)。②相同角速度下,排球运动员两侧膝关节屈伸肌群相对峰力矩大于篮球运动员与足球运动员(P<0.01),而足球运动员与篮球运动员在相同角速度下两侧屈伸肌相对峰力矩未表现出显著性差异(P>0.05)。③相同角速度下,三大球不同项目运动员两侧膝关节峰力矩屈/伸值不具有显著性差异,三大球不同项目运动员两侧膝关节屈伸肌发展较为平衡。④三大球运动员两侧膝关节屈伸肌群到达峰力矩的时间随着角速度的增加而减小,相同角速度下,篮球运动员两侧膝关节伸肌群到达峰力矩的时间小于排球运动员与足球运动员。⑤篮球运动员两侧膝关节伸肌群到达峰力矩的平均角度小于足球运动员与排球运动员。This study aims to investigate the biomechanical differences in isokinetic concentric knee joint flexion and extension movements between athletes participating in soccer,basketball,and volleyball.The goal is to provide a theoretical foundation for coaches and athletes to target and improve the muscle strength of knee flexors and extensors in sport-specific training programs.The research involved 30 athletes(at the national level or higher)from Inner Mongolia Normal University’s School of Physical Education,representing the three major ball sports.They underwent biomechanical testing for isokinetic concentric knee joint flexion and extension movements using a multi-joint isokinetic muscle strength testing and training system.The study analyzed the biomechanical characteristics of knee flexor and extensor muscles.Statistical analysis included one-way analysis of variance for comparing isokinetic concentric contraction parameters across sports and paired-sample t-tests for comparing parameters between the dominant and non-dominant sides within the same sport(P<0.05 indicating significant differences,P<0.01 indicating highly significant differences).Key Findings:(1)Under identical angular velocities,volleyball players exhibited higher peak torque values in both knee flexor and extensor muscle groups compared to soccer players(P<0.01).Additionally,volleyball players demonstrated greater peak torque in knee extensor muscles than basketball players(P<0.01).(2)At the same angular velocity,volleyball players displayed significantly higher relative peak torque values in knee flexor and extensor muscle groups compared to basketball and soccer players(P<0.01).Conversely,no significant difference was observed in relative peak torque values of knee flexor and extensor muscles between soccer and basketball players at the same angular velocity(P>0.05).(3)Under similar angular velocities,athletes from different ball sports showed no significant differences in the peak torque flexion/extension ratio of knee joints,indicating rel

关 键 词：足球 篮球 排球 运动员 膝关节 等速肌力 对比分析 

分 类 号：C804.6[社会学—统计学]