太湖沉积物好氧细菌空间分布与氮磷来源及风险  

Spatial Distribution of Aerobic Bacteria,Sources and Risks of Nitrogen and Phosphorus in Taihu Lake Sediments

作　　者：程新宇 李岩 李晔[2] 王艮梅[1] 张焕朝 温佳乐 李柠 虞叶 叶子 郑捷翔 李志龙 刘敏 CHENG Xin-yu;LI Yan;LI Ye;WANG Gen-mei;ZHANG Huan-chao;WEN Jia-le;LI Ning;YU Ye;YE Zi;ZHENG Jie-xiang;LI Zhi-long;LIU Min(College of Forestry,Nanjing Forestry University,Nanjing 210037,China;School of Geographic Sciences,East China Normal University,Shanghai 200062,China;Forestry and Grassland Bureau of Jixian County,Linfen 042299,China)

机构地区：[1]南京林业大学林学院,南京210037 [2]华东师范大学地理科学学院,上海200062 [3]临汾市吉县林业与草原局,临汾042299

出　　处：《环境科学》2023年第10期5546-5555,共10页Environmental Science

基　　金：国家自然科学基金项目(42101079);湖泊与环境国家重点实验室开放基金项目(2022SKL002);中国博士后科学基金项目(2021M701208)。

摘　　要：沉积物中氮磷释放到湖水中会加剧湖泊的富营养化,危害生态安全和人类健康.微生物在氮磷转换中不可或缺,准确分析沉积物中氮磷分布特征和来源以及与微生物的关系是湖泊富营养化管控的重要前提.以太湖为研究区,采集30个表层沉积物样品,测定并分析了粒度、pH、有机质(OM)、溶解性有机碳(DOC)、全磷(TP)、全氮(TN)、硝态氮(NO_(3)^(-)-N)和溶解性有机氮(DON)等指标含量及空间分布特征,同时利用营养琼脂(NA)培养基以平板计数法测定好氧细菌(AB)数量.结合主成分分析(PCA)和Pearson相关分析探究了太湖沉积物和AB空间分布特征和来源.采用综合污染指数法和有机污染指数法研究了太湖沉积物污染特征.结果表明,太湖表层沉积物指标平均值如下:AB为9.25×10^(4)CFU·g^(-1),平均粒径(MZ)为17.59μm,pH为7.62,ω(OM)为15.05g·kg^(-1),ω(DOC)为71.60mg·kg^(-1),ω(TP)为598.13mg·kg^(-1),ω(TN)为1113.92 mg·kg^(-1),ω(NO_(3)^(-)-N)为3.22mg·kg^(-1),ω(DON)为22.60mg·kg^(-1).综合污染指数(FF)显示太湖中的点位13%为中度污染,87%为重度污染.TN除在湖心区、南部湖区和东太湖西部的部分湖区为轻度污染外,其余区域为中重度污染.除竺山湾为重度污染外,太湖中TP整体上为轻中度污染.有机污染指数(OI)表明,太湖沉积物有机污染较轻,主要与有机氮(ON)污染有关.太湖中DOC、DON、TN和OM主要来源于水生植物的影响,TP和AB主要来源于河流外源输入的影响.研究将为湖泊富营养化治理提供理论支撑,也为进一步研究AB去除沉积物中氮磷污染提供新思路.The release of nitrogen and phosphorus from sediments into lake water will exacerbate the eutrophication of lakes and endanger ecological safety and human health.Microorganisms are indispensable in nitrogen and phosphorus conversion,and accurate analysis of the distribution characteristics and sources of nitrogen and phosphorus in sediments as well as their relationship with microorganisms is an important prerequisite for lake eutrophication control.Taking Taihu Lake as the study area,30 surface sediment samples were collected,and the grain size,pH,organic matter(OM),dissolved organic carbon(DOC),total phosphorus(TP),total nitrogen(TN),nitrate nitrogen(NO_(3)^(-)-N),and dissolved organic nitrogen(DON)along with some other index contents were measured and analyzed;accordingly,spatial distribution characteristics were analyzed.While using nutrient agar(NA),the number of aerobic bacteria(AB)was determined by plate counting in the medium.Combined with principal component analysis(PCA)and Pearson correlation analysis,the spatial distribution characteristics and sources of sediments and AB in Taihu Lake were explored.The characteristics of sediment pollution in Taihu Lake were studied using the comprehensive pollution index and the organic pollution index methods.The results revealed that the average sediment indicators of the surface layer of Taihu Lake were as follows:AB was 9.25×10^(4)CFU·g^(-1),average particle size(MZ)was 17.59μm,pH was 7.62,ω(OM)was 15.05 g·kg^(-1),ω(DOC)was 71.60 mg·kg^(-1),ω(TP)was 598.13 mg·kg^(-1),ω(TN)was 1113.92 mg·kg^(-1),ω(NO_(3)^(-)-N)was 3.22 mg·kg^(-1),andω(DON)was 22.60 mg·kg^(-1).The comprehensive pollution index(FF)showed that 13%of the Taihu Lake was moderately polluted,while 87%was heavily polluted.Excluding the area in the center of the lake,the southern lake area,and some lakes in the western part of the East Taihu Lake,TN in the rest of the area was moderately and severely polluted.In addition to the heavy pollution of Zhushan Bay,the TP in Taihu Lake was general

关 键 词：沉积物 富营养化 好氧细菌(AB) 源解析 污染评估 

分 类 号：X524[环境科学与工程—环境工程]