浙南稻麦连作区苗期麦田杂草种类及群落特征:以黄岩区为例  

The species and community characteristics of weeds in rice-wheat rotation area during wheat seedling period in Southern Zhejiang:A case study of Huangyan District

作　　者：项秉晗 李迪 潘苏峰 何杰 闫成进[1] 蔡新仪 Xiang Binghan;Li Di;Pan Sufeng;He Jie;Yan Chengjin;Cai Xinyi(Wenzhou Vocational College of Science and Technology/Southern Zhejiang Key Laboratory of Crop Breeding,Wenzhou Zhejiang 325006,China;Taizhou Huangyan District Agricultural Technology Extension Center,Taizhou Zhejiang 318020,China)

机构地区：[1]温州科技职业学院/浙南作物育种重点实验室,浙江温州325006 [2]台州市黄岩区农业技术推广中心,浙江台州318020

出　　处：《中国植保导刊》2023年第9期34-42,共9页China Plant Protection

摘　　要：为明确浙南稻麦连作区小麦田的杂草种类及群落特征,采用五点取样法对浙南麦区——黄岩区小麦田的杂草进行了系统调查,运用Pianka生态位重叠指数分析了杂草种间竞争情况,并对所调查杂草群落进行系统聚类及群落多样性分析。结果表明,黄岩区小麦田杂草共18科38种,重要杂草为看麦娘属(Alopecurus L.)、鹅肠菜[Stellaria aquatica(L.)Scop.],主要杂草为猪殃殃(Galium spurium L.)、碎米荠(Cardamine hirsuta L.)、菵草[Beckmannia syzigachne(Steud.)Fernald]、野老鹳草(Geranium carolinianum L.)、繁缕[Stellaria media(L.)Vill.]、通泉草[Mazus pumilus(Burm.f.)Steenis]、稻槎菜[Lapsanastrum apogonoides(Maxim.)Pak&K.Bremer]、臭荠(Lepidium didymum L.)、春蓼(Persicaria maculosa Gray)、荠[Capsella bursa-pastoris(L.)Medik.]、雀麦(Bromus japonicus Thunb.)、婆婆纳(Veronica polita Fries)、酸模叶蓼[Persicaria lapathifolia(L.)Delarbre],种间生态重叠值较大。从系统聚类结果来看,黄岩区小麦田杂草可分为4个类群,类群1分布于缓坡低丘岗地,以繁缕、看麦娘属为优势种;类群2分布于高丘砂田,以猪殃殃为单一优势种;类群3分布于潮土田,以菵草、看麦娘属为优势种;类群4分布于河谷平原和水网平原,以看麦娘属、鹅肠菜为优势种。群落多样性分析结果表明,类群2多样性最高,类群3、类群1居中,类群4最低。综合分析,地形特征、土壤理化性质是影响黄岩区小麦田杂草群落组成的主要生态因子。Weed surveys were conducted using a five-point sampling method to determine the community composition and characteristics of weeds in wheat fields in a rice-wheat rotation cropping area of southern Zhejiang.Pianka’s niche overlap index was used to analyze the interspecific competition of weeds,and systematic clustering and community diversity analysis were conducted.The results showed that 38 weed species from 18 families were found in 54 sample plots.The important weeds were Alopecurus L.,Stellaria aquatica(L.)Scop.,the major weeds were Galium spurium L.,Cardamine hirsuta L.,Beckmannia syzigachne(Steud.)Fernald,Geranium carolinianum L.,Stellaria media(L.)Vill.,Mazus pumilus(Burm.f.)Steenis,Lapsanastrum apogonoides(Maxim.)Pak&K.Bremer,Lepidium didymum L.,Persicaria maculosa Gray,Capsella bursa-pastoris(L.)Medik.,Bromus japonicus Thunb.,Veronica polita Fries,Persicaria lapathifolia(L.)Delarbre.The ecological overlap value of the weeds mentioned above was larger.According to the results of systematic clustering analysis,the weed communities of the 54 surveyed wheat plots could be divided into four groups.Group 1 was distributed in low hilly land of gentle slope,with Stellaria media(L.)Vill.and Alopecurus aequalis Sobol as the dominant species.Group 2 was in high hilly sand fields,with Galium spurium L.as a single dominant species;Group 3 was in fluvoaquic soil,with Beckmannia syzigachne(Steud.)and Alopecurus spp.as the dominant species.Group 4 was located in the valley plain and water network plain,with Alopecurus aequalis Sobol.and Stellaria aquatica(L.)Scop.as the dominant species.The results of community diversity analysis showed that group 2 had the highest diversity,group 3 and Group 1 were in the middle,and group 4 was the lowest.Topographic characteristics and soil physical and chemical properties were the dominating ecological factors affecting weed community compositions in wheat fields in Huangyan District.

关 键 词：杂草群落 聚类分析 浙南地区 稻茬麦 多样性 

分 类 号：S451[农业科学—植物保护]