胶州湾口大型底栖动物群落结构及底栖生境健康状况  

Community Structure of Macrobenthos and Benthic Habitat Health Assessment at the Mouth of Jiaozhou Bay

作　　者：纪莹璐 王尽文 宿凯 张海舟 赵传庭 张亮 JI Yinglu;WANG Jinwen;SU Kai;ZHANG Haizhou;ZHAO Chuanting;ZHANG Liang(Shandong Provincial Key Laboratory of Marine Ecology and Environment and Disaster Prevention and Mitigation,Qingdao 266061,China;North China Sea Forecast and Mitigation Center,Ministry of Natural Resources,Qingdao 266061,China)

机构地区：[1]山东省海洋生态环境与防灾减灾重点实验室,山东青岛266061 [2]自然资源部北海预报减灾中心,山东青岛266061

出　　处：《广东海洋大学学报》2023年第5期1-10,共10页Journal of Guangdong Ocean University

基　　金：自然资源部北海局海洋科技项目(202302);山东省海洋生态环境与防灾减灾重点实验室开放基金(202002);国家重点研发计划(2016YFC1402103)。

摘　　要：【目的】运用不同生物指数分析胶州湾口海域底栖生态环境变化情况,以期为胶州湾环境保护政策制定及后续生态修复提供参考。【方法】于2016―2019年各年9月在青岛胶州湾口薛家岛海域设置12个站位进行大型底栖动物调查,分析该海域大型底栖动物栖息密度、生物量及群落结构特征,并运用Shannon-Wiener多样性指数H′、海洋生物指数AMBI和多变量海洋生物指数M-AMBI评价该海域底栖生境健康状况的时空变化。【结果】2016―2019年共鉴定大型底栖动物84种,其中多毛类(39种)、甲壳类(23种)和软体动物(15种)是该海域的主要组成类群,平均栖息密度和生物量分别为130 m^(-2)和7.22 g/m^(2)。多毛类寡鳃齿吻沙蚕(Micronephthys oligobranchia)、拟特须虫(Paralacydonia paradoxa)、软背鳞虫(Lepidonotus helotypus),节肢动物绒毛细足蟹(Raphidopus ciliatus)、隆线强蟹(Eucrate crenata)和头索动物青岛文昌鱼(Branchiostoma japonicum)为该海域的优势种。底栖生境健康状况评价结果显示,除2016年胶州湾口底栖生境受轻度干扰外,其余年份底栖生境质量介于一般至优良之间。【结论】2016―2019年胶州湾口海域生境质量有所好转。【Objective】Different biological indices were used to analyze the changes of benthic ecological environment of sea area at the mouth of Jiaozhou Bay,in order to provide reference for the formulation of environmental protection policies and subsequent ecological restoration of the sea area.【Method】In order to investigate the habitat density,biomass,and community structure characteristics of the macrobenthos,surveys were carried out at 12 stations in the Xuejia island sea area at the mouth of Qingdao Jiaozhou Bay in September from 2016 to 2019.The benthic ecological status was evaluated using the Shannon-Wiener diversity index(H'),AZTI'S Marine Biotic Index(AMBI),and multivariate AMBI(M-AMBI).【Result】There were 84 species of macrobenthos overall,with polychaetes(39 species),crustaceans(23 species),and mollusks(15 species)composing the majority of the communities in this sea area.The average density and biomass of macrobenthos were 130 m^(-2)and 7.22 g/m^(2),respectively.Polychaetes Micronephthys oligobranchia,Paralacydonia paradoxa,Lepidonotus helotypus,crustaceans Raphidopus ciliatus,Eucrate crenata and cephalopod Branchiostoma japonicum were the dominant species in the area.The evaluation results of benthic habitat health status showed that the benthic habitat quality ranged from moderate to good in the rest of the years,except for 2016 when the benthic habitat at the mouth of Jiaozhou Bay was mildly disturbed【Conclusion】Habitat quality in the mouth of Jiaozhou Bay improved from 2016 to 2019.

关 键 词：大型底栖动物 底栖生境健康 Shannon-Wiener多样性指数 海洋生物指数(AMBI) 多变量海洋生物指数(M-AMBI) 胶州湾 

分 类 号：Q958.8[生物学—动物学]