转录组学在海洋生物微塑料毒理学中的应用研究进展  

Research Progress on the Application of Transcriptomics Inmicroplastic Toxicology of Marine Organisms

作　　者：叶景雯 姜双城 钟崇铭 潘文涛 林琪 YE Jingwen;JIANG Shuangcheng;ZHONG Chongming;PAN Wentao;LIN Qi(College of Ocean,Fujian Agriculture and Forestry University,Fujian Fuzhou 350002,China;Fisheries Research Institution of Fujian,Xiamen 361013,China;Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Marine Disaster Prediction and Prevention,Shantou University,Shantou 515063,China)

机构地区：[1]福建农林大学海洋学院,福建福州350002 [2]福建水产研究所,福建厦门361000 [3]汕头大学海洋灾害预警与防护广东省重点实验室,广东汕头515063

出　　处：《广东海洋大学学报》2023年第5期126-134,共9页Journal of Guangdong Ocean University

基　　金：福建省公益专项(2020R1013001);福建省海洋服务与高质量发展专项(FJHY-YYKJ-2022-1-2、FJHY-HYYJ-2023-1、FJHY-YYKJ-2023-1-1);福建省海洋发展补助资金专项(FJHJF-L-2022-13);科技部重点专项(SQ2020YFF0426577)。

摘　　要：【目的】综述转录组学技术的发展历程、转录组学在海洋生物毒理学中的研究进展及存在问题,为转录组学在微塑料胁迫下海洋生物分子层面上的毒理效应和机理机制研究领域更为广泛与高效的应用提供参考。【方法】在阐述转录组学发展历程及其在海洋生物毒理学应用的基础上,综述转录组学在鱼类、贝类、藻类和甲壳类毒理学上的研究进展;概括微塑料胁迫下海洋生物体内基因与蛋白质转录本的变化,并对转录组学在海洋生物毒理学的应用前景进行展望。【结果】利用转录组学技术阐明海洋生物体内微塑料毒性作用机制,研究发现微塑料会对海洋生物的免疫功能、代谢功能和生长发育方面的基因和蛋白表达都造成显著影响。但是在后续研究中仍需丰富海洋生物基因信息组信息,加强低浓度微塑料胁迫下海洋生物全周期毒理学研究与微塑料联合毒性研究。【结论】转录组学主要是从分子水平上研究基因表达情况,已是目前海洋生物毒理学研究领域的重要工具。【Objective】To comprehensively examine the evolutionary trajectory of transcriptomics technology,the advancement,as well as the extant challenges pertaining to its application in marine biotoxicology.This exploration endeavors to foster a more expansive and efficacious utilization of transcriptomics within the sphere of investigating the molecular-level toxicological impacts and mechanisms imposed by microplastic-induced stress upon marine organisms.【Method】Drawing upon the evolutionary progression and practical implementation of transcriptomics technology within marine biotoxicology,this paper provided an overall review of the progress made in transcriptomic research encompassing fish, shellfish, algae, and crustacean toxicology. It systematically encapsulated the variations exhibited in gene and protein transcripts within marine organisms when subjected to microplastic-induced stress, suggested a potential avenues for integrating transcriptomics within marine biotoxicological studies. 【Result】Transcriptomics, as a technological modality, has been instrumental in unraveling the intricate mechanisms underpinning microplastic-induced toxicity within marine organisms. Substantive findings underscore the discernible impacts of microplastics on the immunological, metabolic, genetic, and proteinaceous dimensions governing the growth and developmental trajectories of marine organisms. Yet, the trajectory ahead necessitates a more comprehensive cataloging of marine biological gene datasets, alongside an amplified focus on holistic life-cycle toxicology investigations and the collaborative toxicity effects arising from low-concentration microplastic stressors. 【Conlusion】 In sum, transcriptomics serves as a vanguard investigative approach targeting gene expression at the molecular stratum, thus warranting its pivotal standing within the realm of marine biotoxicology. This cutting-edge tool has not only illuminated the intricate mechanisms governing microplastic-induced toxicity in marine organisms but has

关 键 词：转录组学 微塑料 海洋环境 生态毒理 

分 类 号：S917.4[农业科学—水产科学]