《民法典》第993条(人格要素许可使用)评注  

Commentary on Article 993 of the Civil Code(Commercial Use of Elements of Personality)

作　　者：朱晓峰[1] Zhu Xiaofeng

机构地区：[1]中央财经大学法学院

出　　处：《中国应用法学》2023年第5期199-212,共14页China Journal of Applied Jurisprudence

摘　　要：《民法典》第993条采人格权统一保护说,是关于人格要素许可使用的一般性规定,其赋予民事主体可以将那些能与其存在本身相分离的人格要素许可他人使用的权利;同时,第993条构成《民法典》第992条关于人格权专属性的例外规定,在法律适用关系上应当依据原则与例外的关系来确定第993条相对于第992条的优先适用地位。从人格要素许可使用的赋权性内容来看,主要涉及许可使用的主体、对象、形式、内容和效力的具体认定问题;从人格要素许可使用的禁止事项看,主要包括依照法律规定不得许可使用和根据其性质不得许可使用两项,其中后者构成前者的兜底性规定。另外,考虑到第993条规定的人格要素具有需要经常容忍他人施加的影响等特征,因此在日常交往的必要适用场合以及法律规定的合理使用场合,即使没有取得人格权人的许可,他人亦可使用这些人格要素。Article 993 of the Civil Code adopts the unified protection of personality rights,which is a general provision on the commercialized use of personality elements,and grants civil subjects the right to allow others to use those personality elements that can be separated from their existence;at the same time,Article 993 constitutes an exception to Article 992,and takes precedence over Article 992 in the application of the law.The rules on the commercial use of elements of personality include the subject,object,form,content and effects of commercial use;the prohibitions on the commercial use of elements of personality include the prohibition of their use in accordance with the provisions of the law and the prohibition of their use in accordance with their nature,with the latter constituting a complementary provision to the former.In addition,considering that the elements of personality stipulated in Article 993 are characterized by the need to tolerate the influence exerted by others on a regular basis,they can be used by others,even without the consent of the right holder,in the case of necessary application in daily interactions and in the case of reasonable use stipulated by the law.

关 键 词：《民法典》第993条 标表型人格要素 许可使用 商业化利用 合理使用 

分 类 号：D923[政治法律—民商法学]